Question 1

Even though the "B" that Matthew wrote looked more like a "D," his teacher, Mrs. Chen, praised him because it was better than his previous attempts. Mrs. Chen used a procedure called

Accepted Answer

A)  blocking. 
B)  generalization. 
C)  shaping 
D)  extinction.

Question 2

Which researcher is associated with the subject of observational learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Albert Bandura 
B)  Edward Tolman 
C)  Wolfgang Kohler 
D)  Edward Thorndike

Question 3

Sirens on police cars, fire trucks and ambulances do not sound exactly alike, but because of ________ we react similarly to them.

Accepted Answer

A)  discrimination 
B)  spontaneous recovery 
C)  generalization 
D)  extinction

Question 4

Research by Watson and Rayner early in the last century suggested that human beings can sometimes acquire ________ through classical conditioning.

Accepted Answer

A)  strong fears 
B)  new skills 
C)  parentalstincts
Dtense disgust

Question 5

According to Pavlov, when classically conditioning a response it is best to present the conditioned stimulus

Accepted Answer

A)  several minutes before the unconditioned stimulus. 
B)  slightly before the unconditioned stimulus 
C)  immediately after the unconditioned stimulus. 
D)  at the same time as the unconditioned stimulus.

Question 6

Josie grew up in an abusive home, with a very domineering father, who punished her severely whenever she tried to argue with him. As an adult in a relationship, she finds it impossible to disagree with her partner. She may be experiencing

Accepted Answer

A)  learned helplessness 
B)  classical conditioning. 
C)  the effective side of punishment. 
D)  negative reinforcement.

Question 7

What types of responses can be learned through classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What types of responses can be learned...

Question 8

B.F. Skinner is associated with

Accepted Answer

A)  salivating dogs. 
B)  operant conditioning 
C)  observational learning. 
D)  classical conditioning.

Question 9

Morris fell from his bicycle and was badly bruised. Now, whenever he sees any bicycle, Morris becomes very anxious. Morris' anxiety can best be explained on the basis of

Accepted Answer

A)  generalization 
B)  discrimination. 
C)  spontaneous recovery. 
D)  extinction.

Question 10

In operant conditioning, it is important for the consequences to come first then the behaviour within 10 seconds.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Andrea's mother always puts special napkins on the table when she serves fried chicken, Andrea's favourite food. Now Andrea begins to salivate as soon as she sees the special napkins on the table. The special napkins in this situation are the

Accepted Answer

A)  unconditioned response. 
B)  conditioned response. 
C)  unconditioned stimulus. 
D)  conditioned stimulus

Question 12

Some alcoholics are given a drug called Antabuse, which reacts with alcohol to cause nausea and vomiting. The use of Antabuse to treat alcoholism is an application of

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulus generalization. 
B)  higher-order conditioning. 
C)  negative reinforcement. 
D)  conditioned taste aversions

Question 13

In an early study of aggression, Albert Bandura found that young children later modelled aggressive behaviour if they had been exposed to

Accepted Answer

A)  either a live, filmed or cartoon-type model behaving aggressively 
B)  a filmed version of the model behaving aggressively. 
C)  a film version of a cartoon-type character behaving aggressively a fantasy-like setting. 
D)  a live model behaving aggressively.

Question 14

For years, Sylvester the cat has been fed canned tuna fish that has been opened with an electric can opener. Now Sylvester races into the kitchen every time he hears the can opener. What is the unconditioned stimulus in this example?

Accepted Answer

A)  The sound of the can opener 
B)  Sylvester's owner 
C)  Food other than his 
D)  The tuna fish

Question 15

Agricultural workers who are paid according to the number of bushels of corn picked are on which reinforcement schedule?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fixedterval 
B)  Variableterval 
C)  Variable ratio 
D)  Fixed ratio

Question 16

A pigeon gets a food reward each time it pecks at a blue disk. Because of generalization, the pigeon would also peck at

Accepted Answer

A)  a black disk. 
B)  a yellow disk. 
C)  an orange disk. 
D)  a green disk

Question 17

Even though Nicholas's handwriting was not very good, the teacher complimented him because the writing was better than in his previous attempts. The teacher is using a procedure called

Accepted Answer

A)  shaping 
B)  successive discrimination. 
C)  sequential learning. 
D)  the Skinner method.

Question 18

Parents could use shaping procedures to teach small children to do all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  eat with a spoon. 
B)  pronounce words correctly. 
C)  dress themselves. 
D)  associate their bed with sleep

Question 19

Learning to perform behaviours that produce positive outcomes and to avoid behaviours that yield negative outcomes is a basic characteristic of

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulus generalization. 
B)  classical conditioning. 
C)  operant conditioning 
D)  flooding.

Question 20

Summarize what the research on observational learning suggests about the relationship between violence on television and children's' violence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Summarize what the research on observational learning...

Exam 5: Learning