Question 1

Match the following criminological theory or field of study with the correct definition listed below.
-According to this theory,human beings can be divided into three basic somatotypes,which correspond to three basic temperaments

Accepted Answer

A) Criminological theory 
B) Classical theory 
C) Neoclassical theory 
D) Positivism 
E) Biological theory
F)Criminal anthropology
G)Body-type theory
H)Modern biocriminology
I)Psychoanalytic theory
J)Humanistic psychological theory
K)Social disorganization theory
L)Anomie or strain theory
M)Differential association theory
N)Learning theory
O)Social control theory
P)Labeling theory
Q)Conflict theory
R)Radical theory
S)British or left realism
T)Peacemaking criminology
U)Feminist theory
V)Postmodern theory

Question 2

According to Merton,____ pursue the cultural goal of wealth through illegitimate means.

Accepted Answer

A)  rebels 
B)  ritualists 
C)  conformists 
D)  innovators

Question 3

Which of the following theories assumes that crime is committed by free-willed individuals who engage in a hedonistic rationality?

Accepted Answer

A)  humanistic psychological theory 
B)  the theory of the Chicago School 
C)  anomie theory 
D)  classical theory

Question 4

Hirschi named four characteristics of proper socialization and four reasons why deviant behavior is likely to occur.Name three of each of these.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hirschi named four characteristics of proper socialization...

Question 5

A theory of crime attempts to explain why or how a certain thing or certain things are related to criminal behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

For the Chicago theorists,social disorganization is defined by several characteristics.Three of the characteristics discussed in your textbook are listed below.Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics of social disorganization?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is little encouragement, training, or opportunity for legitimate employment. 
B)  The usual controls over delinquents are largely absent. 
C)  There are many opportunities for delinquent behavior. 
D)  There is an absence of gangs and gang-related delinquency.

Question 7

There are at least three policy implications of Seymour Halleck's humanistic psychological theory.All are listed below.Which of the following is NOT one of the three policy implications listed in your textbook?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sources of social oppression should be eliminated wherever possible. 
B)  Psychotherapy should be provided for subjective oppressions. 
C)  Psychoactive drugs should be provided as part of the psychotherapy process. 
D)  Alternative, legal ways of coping with oppression should be provided.

Question 8

Which of the following theorists is associated with body type theories?

Accepted Answer

A)  William Sheldon 
B)  Cesare Lombroso 
C)  Johan Caspar Lavater 
D)  Joseph Gall

Question 9

Special or specific deterrence is the use of the punishment of specific individuals to prevent people in general or society at large from engaging in crime.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Cloward and Ohlin named three types of gangs in your textbook.Three are listed below.Which of the following is NOT one of these types of gangs?

Accepted Answer

A)  ritualist 
B)  violent 
C)  retreatist 
D)  criminal

Question 11

Which of the following theories assumes that crime is a product of the class struggle in society?

Accepted Answer

A)  labeling theory 
B)  conflict theory 
C)  radical theory 
D)  control theory

Question 12

For Cesare Beccaria,the basis of society,as well as the origin of punishments and the right to punish,is:

Accepted Answer

A)  utility. 
B)  specific deterrence 
C)  general deterrence. 
D)  the social contract.

Question 13

Match the following criminological theory or field of study with the correct definition listed below.
-A theory that human behavior is determined and not a matter of free will,and criminals are fundamentally different from noncriminals.

Accepted Answer

A) Criminological theory 
B) Classical theory 
C) Neoclassical theory 
D) Positivism 
E) Biological theory
F)Criminal anthropology
G)Body-type theory
H)Modern biocriminology
I)Psychoanalytic theory
J)Humanistic psychological theory
K)Social disorganization theory
L)Anomie or strain theory
M)Differential association theory
N)Learning theory
O)Social control theory
P)Labeling theory
Q)Conflict theory
R)Radical theory
S)British or left realism
T)Peacemaking criminology
U)Feminist theory
V)Postmodern theory

Question 14

From the perspective of ____,people are expected to commit crime and delinquency unless they are prevented from doing so.

Accepted Answer

A)  learning theory 
B)  differential association theory 
C)  role theory 
D)  social control theory

Question 15

With whom are psychoanalytic theories of crime causation associated?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sigmund Freud 
B)  Cesare Lombroso 
C)  William Sheldon 
D)  H. H. Goddard

Question 16

Criminal anthropology is the study of "criminal" human beings.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Cesare Beccaria recommended six ways to prevent crime.Three are listed below.Which one does NOT belong?

Accepted Answer

A)  Educate the public. 
B)  Determine the physiological causes of crime. 
C)  Enact laws that are clear, simple, and unbiased, and that reflect the consensus of the population. 
D)  Eliminate corruption from the administration of justice.

Question 18

Postmodernist criminologists prefer to replace the prevailing description of the world with new conceptions,words and phrases that convey alternative meanings,as Sutherland did when he introduced the concept of "white-collar crime."

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Emile Durkheim rejected the idea that society is more than a simple aggregate of individuals,and believed that the world is simply the product of individual actions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Low levels of the brain neurotransmitter ____ have been found in impulsive murderers and arsonists.

Accepted Answer

A)  dopamine 
B)  norepinephrine 
C)  testosterone 
D)  serotonin

Exam 3: Explaining Crime

Match the following criminological theory or field of study with the correct definition listed below. -According to this theory,human beings can be divided into three basic somatotypes,which correspond to three basic temperaments

According to Merton,____ pursue the cultural goal of wealth through illegitimate means.

Which of the following theories assumes that crime is committed by free-willed individuals who engage in a hedonistic rationality?

Hirschi named four characteristics of proper socialization and four reasons why deviant behavior is likely to occur.Name three of each of these.

A theory of crime attempts to explain why or how a certain thing or certain things are related to criminal behavior.

For the Chicago theorists,social disorganization is defined by several characteristics.Three of the characteristics discussed in your textbook are listed below.Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics of social disorganization?

There are at least three policy implications of Seymour Halleck's humanistic psychological theory.All are listed below.Which of the following is NOT one of the three policy implications listed in your textbook?

Which of the following theorists is associated with body type theories?

Special or specific deterrence is the use of the punishment of specific individuals to prevent people in general or society at large from engaging in crime.

Cloward and Ohlin named three types of gangs in your textbook.Three are listed below.Which of the following is NOT one of these types of gangs?

Which of the following theories assumes that crime is a product of the class struggle in society?

For Cesare Beccaria,the basis of society,as well as the origin of punishments and the right to punish,is:

Match the following criminological theory or field of study with the correct definition listed below. -A theory that human behavior is determined and not a matter of free will,and criminals are fundamentally different from noncriminals.

From the perspective of ____,people are expected to commit crime and delinquency unless they are prevented from doing so.

With whom are psychoanalytic theories of crime causation associated?

Criminal anthropology is the study of "criminal" human beings.

Cesare Beccaria recommended six ways to prevent crime.Three are listed below.Which one does NOT belong?

Postmodernist criminologists prefer to replace the prevailing description of the world with new conceptions,words and phrases that convey alternative meanings,as Sutherland did when he introduced the concept of "white-collar crime."

Emile Durkheim rejected the idea that society is more than a simple aggregate of individuals,and believed that the world is simply the product of individual actions.

Low levels of the brain neurotransmitter ____ have been found in impulsive murderers and arsonists.