Question 1

Which of the following processes separates creative thinking from noncreative thinking?

Accepted Answer

A) inductive and deductive reasoning 
B) fluency, flexibility, and originality 
C) logical thinking 
D) understanding, insight, and problem-solving

Question 2

_____ can channel us down a narrow path so we attend to only part of the information provided, rather than weighing all the pros and cons.

Accepted Answer

A) Ignoring the base rate 
B) The way a question is framed 
C) Divergent thinking 
D) Insightful thought

Question 3

A prerequisite for creativity seems to be

Accepted Answer

A) superior intelligence. 
B) somewhat bizarre or eccentric life styles. 
C) a greater-than-average range of knowledge and interests. 
D) a preference for simplicity.

Question 4

In an example from your textbook, subjects were exposed to the following problem: A $5 bill is placed on a table and a stack of objects is balanced precariously on top of the bill.The problem is to remove the $5 bill without touching or moving any of the objects on top of it.The best solution to this problem involves tearing the money.People who fail to solve this problem because they were taught that it is "taboo" to destroy "things of value" are probably experiencing a(n) _____ barrier to problem-solving.

Accepted Answer

A) pragmatic 
B) learned 
C) perceptual 
D) emotional

Question 5

Fluency, flexibility, and originality would be LEAST characteristic of which type of thought?

Accepted Answer

A) divergent thinking 
B) algorithmic problem-solving 
C) creative problem-solving 
D) brainstorming

Question 6

The preparation stage of creative thought is the stage at which

Accepted Answer

A) testing and critical evaluation of the solution occurs. 
B) rapid insight occurs. 
C) creative thinkers saturate themselves with as much information as possible. 
D) the problem is defined and the important dimensions identified.

Question 7

Wisdom involves which of the following characteristics?

Accepted Answer

A) creativity 
B) convergent thinking 
C) tolerance 
D) all of these

Question 8

Because psychology students tend to define "negative" as "bad," students often incorrectly define "negative reinforcement" as a punishment.This illustrates the _____ barrier to problem-solving.

Accepted Answer

A) emotional 
B) cultural 
C) learned 
D) perceptual

Question 9

Usually, the _____ way of framing or stating a problem produces the best decisions.

Accepted Answer

A) more narrow and specific 
B) broadest 
C) more convergent 
D) simplest and most concise

Question 10

Functional fixedness, or conventions about uses or meanings, fall under the category of _____ barriers to problem solving.

Accepted Answer

A) cultural 
B) learned 
C) perceptual 
D) emotional

Question 11

In making decisions, the intuitive error called representativeness means that

Accepted Answer

A) the underlying odds of an event occurring are emphasized. 
B) incorrect syllogisms are used. 
C) the problem was incorrectly framed. 
D) what is known about a problem is given greater weight than logic.

Question 12

Suzy is taking the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, Fifth Edition and is asked this question, "I knew my bag was going to be in the last place I looked, so I looked there first.What is silly or impossible about that?" This question is measuring Suzy's

Accepted Answer

A) fluid reasoning. 
B) working memory. 
C) quantitative reasoning. 
D) visual-spatial processing.

Question 13

Fixedness is related to which of Sternberg and Davidson's abilities involved in insight?

Accepted Answer

A) selective attention 
B) selective comparison 
C) selective encoding 
D) selective combination

Question 14

IQ may be defined as

Accepted Answer

A) MA/CA ´ 100. 
B) CA/MA ´ 100. 
C) MA/100 ´ CA. 
D) MA ´ CA ´ 100.

Question 15

If a test question asks you to name the most common use for a pencil, you would use _____ thinking to derive the correct answer, while _____ thinking would be used to derive as many uses for a pencil as you could think about.

Accepted Answer

A) intuitive; deductive 
B) deductive; intuitive 
C) convergent; divergent 
D) divergent; convergent

Question 16

One of the most important barriers to problem-solving that involves the tendency to get "hung up" on wrong solutions or become blind to alternatives is called

Accepted Answer

A) inhibition. 
B) fixation. 
C) conditional thinking. 
D) incubation.

Question 17

The _____ is the tendency to select wrong answers because they seem to match pre-existing mental categories.

Accepted Answer

A) representativeness heuristic 
B) base rate 
C) framing heuristic 
D) relational heuristic

Question 18

The way a question is stated before problem-solving begins is known as

Accepted Answer

A) representativeness. 
B) framing. 
C) incubation. 
D) defining the base rate.

Question 19

Rapid insight, or the "Aha! Experience," occurs during which stage of creative thinking?

Accepted Answer

A) incubation 
B) verification 
C) orientation 
D) illumination

Question 20

Humanistic psychologist Abraham Maslow believed that we must _____ to make full use of our potentials.

Accepted Answer

A) think logically and simply 
B) make commitments to others 
C) live honestly and creatively 
D) focus on what one wants out of life

Exam 9: Extension B: Cognition, Language, Creativity, and Intelligence