Question 1

Marshall has retired from his job and finds life very unsatisfying.As he reflects over his life, he sees himself as a failure and his life as a series of missed opportunities.Erikson would say that Marshall is experiencing

Accepted Answer

A) shame and doubt. 
B) guilt. 
C) stagnation. 
D) despair.

Question 2

According to _____, we face a specific psychosocial dilemma at each stage of life.

Accepted Answer

A) James Coleman 
B) Lawrence Kohlberg 
C) Erik Erikson 
D) Sigmund Freud

Question 3

According to Gould, people in their late 30s and 40s begin to feel that they have a limited number of years to live, which exerts pressure to succeed at a career and to achieve life's goals.Gould called this the crisis of

Accepted Answer

A) urgency. 
B) industry. 
C) initiative. 
D) despair.

Question 4

A politician campaigning on a law-and-order platform is appealing to people at what stage of moral development?

Accepted Answer

A) preconventional 
B) postconventional 
C) conventional 
D) nonconformist

Question 5

_____ usually signals that the struggle with death has been resolved, the need to talk about death ends, and silent companionship from others is frequently all the person desires.

Accepted Answer

A) Depression 
B) Bargaining 
C) Acceptance 
D) Denial and isolation

Question 6

Emily is a middle-aged woman who lives alone.Her income is secure and her life is comfortable.Still, she seems unhappy and without direction, possibly because she lacks

Accepted Answer

A) autonomy. 
B) disengagement. 
C) generativity. 
D) a sense of identity.

Question 7

Skills that require speed and rapid learning are referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) preoperational abilities. 
B) convergent abilities. 
C) fluid abilities. 
D) crystallized abilities.

Question 8

The top scorers on intellectual tests who were over 65 were people who

Accepted Answer

A) consistently got eight hours of sleep. 
B) continued to work. 
C) had never drank alcohol or smoked. 
D) exercised three times a week.

Question 9

Vincent sends his son and daughter to their rooms for fighting, but the next day he overlooks their fighting.Vincent is exhibiting

Accepted Answer

A) authoritative parenting. 
B) inconsistent discipline. 
C) democratic parenting. 
D) constructively varying his discipline method.

Question 10

According to Gerontologist Warner Schaie, you are more likely to stay mentally sharp in old age if you

Accepted Answer

A) are satisfied with your accomplishments at midlife. 
B) have a flexible personality. 
C) have a stimulating occupation and an intact family. 
D) have all of these.

Question 11

Regarding Levinson's midlife transition period, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Roughly half of the people Levinson studied defined this period as a "last chance" to achieve their goals. 
B) This midlife transition period corresponds closely to Gould's "crisis of questions" period. 
C) Levinson found those who suffered a serious decline related it to choosing a dead- end job or life-style. 
D) Goals set during the midlife period are often stated as a key event, such as reaching a certain income or becoming a supervisor.

Question 12

Regarding her research on moral development, Carol Gilligan believes

Accepted Answer

A) that male psychologists have, for the most part, defined moral maturity in terms of justice and autonomy. 
B) that from Kohlberg's perspective a woman's concern with relationships could look like a weakness rather than a strength. 
C) that caring is a major element of moral development and that males lag behind in achieving it. 
D) all of these.

Question 13

According to Erikson, children learn a sense of _____ if they win praise for productive activities valued by society, while if their efforts in learning various skills are regarded as messy, childish, or inadequate, feelings of _____ result.

Accepted Answer

A) initiative; shame and doubt 
B) autonomy; despair 
C) generativity; stagnation 
D) industry; inferiority

Question 14

_____ pointed out that Kohlberg's system is concerned mainly with justice and that women when faced with real-life dilemmas tend to use an ethic of caring.

Accepted Answer

A) Elisabeth Kubler-Ross 
B) Margaret Washburn 
C) Anna Freud 
D) Carol Gilligan

Question 15

Which of the following responses to the "druggist dilemma" would demonstrate moral reasoning at the conventional level?

Accepted Answer

A) Although his wife needs the drug, the law says that stealing is wrong. 
B) Even if he steals the drug, his wife will probably die before he gets out of jail. 
C) He cannot steal the drug because he might get caught and go to jail. 
D) He should steal the drug to save his wife and then go "turn himself in" to the law.

Question 16

According to Roger Gould, North American adults experience two "crisis" points in their development, which are the crisis of _____ and the crisis of _____.

Accepted Answer

A) autonomy; industry 
B) isolation; stagnation 
C) intimacy; generativity 
D) questions; urgency

Question 17

Edward and Jane are a young married couple who not only care deeply for each other but also consider each other their best friend.Erikson would say that Edward and Jane are exhibiting

Accepted Answer

A) generativity. 
B) intimacy. 
C) integrity. 
D) dependency.

Question 18

A nursing home administrator gives the residents little choice in activities they participate in or in the food that is served.Friendships between opposite sex residents are also discouraged.She tells the staff that "the elderly are like little children that don't know what's best for them." This statement of the administrator reflects

Accepted Answer

A) the old age syndrome. 
B) ageism. 
C) the current research findings on successful aging. 
D) the type of scaffolding utilized with the elderly.

Question 19

Studies suggest that the healthiest, happiest older people

Accepted Answer

A) exercise until they are exhausted. 
B) have never used any alcohol or tobacco. 
C) are creative. 
D) exhibit gratitude and forgiveness.

Question 20

_____ parents help their children grow up with a capacity for love, joy, fulfillment, responsibility, and self-control through positive parent-child interactions.

Accepted Answer

A) Authoritative 
B) Authoritarian 
C) Permissive 
D) Indulgent

Exam 3: Extension C: Human Development