Question 1

We will attribute another's actions to internal causes under conditions in which:

Accepted Answer

A)  consensus is high, consistency is high, and distinctiveness is high. 
B)  consensus is high, consistency is low, and distinctiveness is high. 
C)  consensus is low, consistency is high, and distinctiveness is low. 
D)  consensus is low, consistency is low, and distinctiveness is low.

Question 2

Which of the following is true about stereotypes?

Accepted Answer

A)  We can learn to never use them through self-awareness and careful training. 
B)  Despite the fact people don't like them, the use of stereotypes does little real harm to people. 
C)  Stereotypes allow people to do as little cognitive work as possible when it comes to thinking about others. 
D)  Only bad people, who are inherently evil, use stereotypes.

Question 3

Table 3.2
William and Malcolm are interviewing high school students for jobs at a newly opened fast food restaurant. William knows his first interviewee; he coached him on the local community softball team. William doesn't expect the interview to go well or to hire the young man because he wasn't very open to advice when he was coached. Malcolm's first candidate is late and runs up disheveled and out of breath. Malcolm assumes the young man had difficulty on his way to the interview and gives him time to calm down and improve his appearance. Several hours into the process William is interviewing his 20th candidate, Jane. When she sits down she drops into her seat, folds her arms, and pinches her lips together. She's wearing a T-shirt with the image and name of a local heavy metal band on it. William prepares himself for a hostile and unfriendly interview but is surprised that after the first couple of questions Jane turns out to be quite polite and friendly. Malcolm's last candidate is friendly, has similar interests to Malcolm and knows several of the people Malcolm knows in the community. Malcolm comments to William as they are picking up their files, "That kid reminds me of me when I was 17."
-Refer to Table 3.2. William's initial perception of Jane is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  selective perception. 
B)  the halo effect. 
C)  the similar-to-me effect. 
D)  first-impression error.

Question 4

John is caught stealing product from his company's warehouse, over $15,000 worth. His company has a progressive discipline process. The company's most likely action would be to:

Accepted Answer

A)  give him an oral reprimand and return him to work. 
B)  talk with him about his problem and recommend counseling. 
C)  transfer him to another warehouse. 
D)  terminate him immediately.

Question 5

Table 3.2
William and Malcolm are interviewing high school students for jobs at a newly opened fast food restaurant. William knows his first interviewee; he coached him on the local community softball team. William doesn't expect the interview to go well or to hire the young man because he wasn't very open to advice when he was coached. Malcolm's first candidate is late and runs up disheveled and out of breath. Malcolm assumes the young man had difficulty on his way to the interview and gives him time to calm down and improve his appearance. Several hours into the process William is interviewing his 20th candidate, Jane. When she sits down she drops into her seat, folds her arms, and pinches her lips together. She's wearing a T-shirt with the image and name of a local heavy metal band on it. William prepares himself for a hostile and unfriendly interview but is surprised that after the first couple of questions Jane turns out to be quite polite and friendly. Malcolm's last candidate is friendly, has similar interests to Malcolm and knows several of the people Malcolm knows in the community. Malcolm comments to William as they are picking up their files, "That kid reminds me of me when I was 17."
-Refer to Table 3.2. Even though Malcolm gave the young man the benefit of the doubt, Malcolm demonstrated a perceptual bias, because he didn't know why the young man was late. Which perceptual bias does Malcolm demonstrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fundamental attribution error 
B)  Halo effect 
C)  Similar-to-me effect 
D)  Selective perception

Question 6

The belief that all members of a specific group share the same traits and behaviors describes:

Accepted Answer

A)  selective perception. 
B)  stereotyping. 
C)  halo effect. 
D)  similar-to-me error.

Question 7

Organizational Behavior Modification (OBMod) is/are:

Accepted Answer

A)  the application of positive reinforcement principles in an organizational setting to increase the incidence of desirable organizational behaviors. 
B)  the use of punishment to decrease negative organizational behaviors such as absenteeism and employee turnover. 
C)  programs established by organizations to help employees stop smoking and drinking and avoid other risks to their health. 
D)  programs developed within organizations to select employees who have the potential to be managers.

Question 8

Progressive discipline involves the use of holistic therapies and encounter groups to discourage unacceptable behavior on the job.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

According to Kelley's theory of causal attribution, when we form judgments on the basis consensus, our attribution is based on the fact that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the person we're judging acts the same way at other times when he/she is in a similar situation. 
B)  this person behaves in the same manner in other contexts. 
C)  other people behave in the same manner as the person we're judging. 
D)  this person's traits match the traits of other people we know.

Question 10

The form of training that combines classroom training with on-the-job training is:

Accepted Answer

A)  corporate universities. 
B)  executive training. 
C)  leadership training. 
D)  apprenticeship programs.

Question 11

The clearest application of the principles of learning in organizations is the area of:

Accepted Answer

A)  recruitment and hiring. 
B)  training. 
C)  performance appraisal. 
D)  benefits and financial management.

Question 12

The phenomenon in which people identify themselves with the success of others is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  cutting off reflected failure. 
B)  social identity. 
C)  basking in reflected glory. 
D)  social perception.

Question 13

Table 3.4
Ted is designing a training program for his company's sales force. His training program must permit quick learning with maximum retention. He has built an interactive computer simulation for sales representatives to practice their sales skills. To evaluate the results of the training,Ted has the sales representatives evaluate themselves, their managers evaluate them, and their peers evaluate them.
-Refer to Table 3.4. The evaluation process Ted is using is an example of which principle of effective training?

Accepted Answer

A)  Participation 
B)  Repetition 
C)  Feedback 
D)  Transfer of learning

Question 14

Learning is:

Accepted Answer

A)  a relatively permanent change in behavior occurring as a result of experience. 
B)  reflected by temporary changes in behavior, such as those produced by drugs, illness, or fatigue. 
C)  synonymous with improvements in performance. 
D)  based on the fact that our behavior results in positive or negative consequences.

Question 15

Participation in the learning process is important for learning both cognitive and motor skills.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

In Japan, performance evaluations tend to focus on the team or group rather than the individual.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Li is an accountant by training, although he now works in human resources. There are problems within his department: employees are fighting with each other, morale is low, etc. But when asked how his department is doing, Li reports they are right on target with their compensation figures, their turnover rates, and their training expenses. Li's misperception is a function of the perceptual bias of:

Accepted Answer

A)  selective perception. 
B)  the similar-to-me effect. 
C)  fundamental attribution error. 
D)  the first-impression error.

Question 18

Research has found that obese African American women tend to be paid less than their average-weight counterparts, due to prevalent negative stereotypes within the African American community.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Table 3.4
Ted is designing a training program for his company's sales force. His training program must permit quick learning with maximum retention. He has built an interactive computer simulation for sales representatives to practice their sales skills. To evaluate the results of the training,Ted has the sales representatives evaluate themselves, their managers evaluate them, and their peers evaluate them.
-Refer to Table 3.4. What principle must Ted incorporate into his training to ensure quick learning and retention?

Accepted Answer

A)  Participation 
B)  Repetition 
C)  Feedback 
D)  Transfer of learning

Question 20

Mary learns that she can avoid a fight with her supervisor by not taking too long a lunch break. This is an example of which of the following in operation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Negative reinforcement 
B)  Positive reinforcement 
C)  Punishment 
D)  Extinction

Exam 3: Perception and Learning: Understanding and Adapting to the Work Environment

We will attribute another's actions to internal causes under conditions in which:

Which of the following is true about stereotypes?

John is caught stealing product from his company's warehouse, over $15,000 worth. His company has a progressive discipline process. The company's most likely action would be to:

The belief that all members of a specific group share the same traits and behaviors describes:

Organizational Behavior Modification (OBMod) is/are:

Progressive discipline involves the use of holistic therapies and encounter groups to discourage unacceptable behavior on the job.

According to Kelley's theory of causal attribution, when we form judgments on the basis consensus, our attribution is based on the fact that:

The form of training that combines classroom training with on-the-job training is:

The clearest application of the principles of learning in organizations is the area of:

The phenomenon in which people identify themselves with the success of others is known as:

Learning is:

Participation in the learning process is important for learning both cognitive and motor skills.

In Japan, performance evaluations tend to focus on the team or group rather than the individual.

Research has found that obese African American women tend to be paid less than their average-weight counterparts, due to prevalent negative stereotypes within the African American community.

Mary learns that she can avoid a fight with her supervisor by not taking too long a lunch break. This is an example of which of the following in operation?