Question 1

Flexible working hours help to reduce stress and also provide greater autonomy to employees.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

According to equity theory, ___ is an outcome.

Accepted Answer

A)  quality of work 
B)  education 
C)  experience 
D)  special skills 
E)  job security

Question 3

___ describes any work schedule that gives employees some choice in the pattern of their daily work hours.

Accepted Answer

A)  Flexible working hours 
B)  The compressed workweek 
C)  The "noble dream" 
D)  Telecommuting 
E)  Job simplification

Question 4

Which of the following measures when employed will help managers to create positive instrumentalities among employees?

Accepted Answer

A)  providing employees with the best training and development 
B)  linking the needs and desires of employees with the rewards that can be earned through high performance 
C)  increasing communication with subordinates to help identify important employee needs and desires 
D)  clarifying the possible rewards for high performance and allocating those rewards fairly on a performance-contingent basis 
E)  selecting workers with the right abilities for the jobs to be done

Question 5

A company that requires employees to be at work between 9:30 a.m. and 3:30 p.m. but allows them to schedule their remaining work day to fit personal needs is using ___.

Accepted Answer

A)  the compressed workweek 
B)  job sharing 
C)  flexible working hours 
D)  contingency workers 
E)  telecommuting

Question 6

What is another name for self-efficacy theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Social Learning Theory 
B)  Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory 
C)  Alderfer's ERG Theory 
D)  The interactive Social Contract Theory 
E)  Herzberg's Two-factor Theory

Question 7

Jobs high in the five core job characteristics are considered enriched. Enriched jobs should, but may not necessarily, result in a job outcome of

Accepted Answer

A)  high internal work motivation. 
B)  high growth satisfaction. 
C)  high general job satisfaction. 
D)  high work effectiveness. 
E)  all of the above

Question 8

How does the Alderfer's ERG theory differ from Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How does the Alderfer's ERG theory differ...

Question 9

Reinforcement theory considers the level of need satisfaction that is associated with a reward to be the most important factor that influences human behaviour.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, lower-order needs differ from higher-order needs as higher-order needs

Accepted Answer

A)  focus on desires for good-interpersonal relationships. 
B)  are addressed by things such as physical comfort on the job and reasonable work hours. 
C)  focus on desires for psychological development and growth. 
D)  are served by job security and adequate compensation and benefits. 
E)  focus on desires for physical and social well-being.

Question 11

Which statement about the equity theory of motivation is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a content theory of motivation. 
B)  It is best known through the work of J. Stacy Adams. 
C)  Its essence is that perceived inequity is a motivating state. 
D)  It holds that people try to resolve the inequities they perceive they are experiencing. 
E)  It holds that people who feel underpaid will reduce their work efforts to compensate for missing rewards.

Question 12

The use of contingency workers has grown dramatically because they are just as committed to their employers as permanent workers are and they significantly improve productivity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Understanding motivation and applying motivational concepts are incidental to exercising effective leadership in inspiring people to work hard.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Telecommuting frees the jobholder from the normal constraints of commuting, fixed hours, special work attire, and even direct contact with supervisors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Flexible working hours usually result in all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  greater autonomy for individuals in work schedules. 
B)  more absenteeism and tardiness. 
C)  a positive attitude toward the organization. 
D)  higher job performance. 
E)  greater opportunity to take care of personal affairs.

Question 16

Job ___ increases job depth by adding work planning and evaluating duties normally performed by the supervisor.

Accepted Answer

A)  rotation 
B)  simplification 
C)  enrichment 
D)  sharing 
E)  enlargement

Question 17

Natalie encourages her employees by recognizing and immediately rewarding a good performance, so that it motivates the employee as well as others to consistently perform well. This type of strategy to increase the frequency of desirable behaviour is known as ___.

Accepted Answer

A)  vicarious modelling 
B)  job rotation 
C)  positive reinforcement 
D)  extinction 
E)  punishment

Question 18

The concept of ___ proposes that people have different preferences for equity and thus react differently to perceptions of inequity.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive reinforcement 
B)  instrumentality 
C)  equity sensitivity 
D)  perceived inequities 
E)  negative reinforcement

Question 19

Which of the following sources helps to enhance self-efficacy through learning by observing others succeed at a task?

Accepted Answer

A)  social persuasion 
B)  verbal persuasion 
C)  emotional arousal 
D)  vicarious modelling 
E)  enactive mastery

Question 20

___ needs described by Clayton Alderfer are essentially the same as the higher-order needs in Maslow's hierarchy.

Accepted Answer

A)  Esteem 
B)  Relatedness 
C)  Growth 
D)  Existence 
E)  Social

Exam 16: Motivation Theory and Practice

Flexible working hours help to reduce stress and also provide greater autonomy to employees.

According to equity theory, ___ is an outcome.

___ describes any work schedule that gives employees some choice in the pattern of their daily work hours.

Which of the following measures when employed will help managers to create positive instrumentalities among employees?

A company that requires employees to be at work between 9:30 a.m. and 3:30 p.m. but allows them to schedule their remaining work day to fit personal needs is using ___.

What is another name for self-efficacy theory?

Jobs high in the five core job characteristics are considered enriched. Enriched jobs should, but may not necessarily, result in a job outcome of

How does the Alderfer's ERG theory differ from Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory?

Reinforcement theory considers the level of need satisfaction that is associated with a reward to be the most important factor that influences human behaviour.

In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, lower-order needs differ from higher-order needs as higher-order needs

Which statement about the equity theory of motivation is incorrect?

The use of contingency workers has grown dramatically because they are just as committed to their employers as permanent workers are and they significantly improve productivity.

Understanding motivation and applying motivational concepts are incidental to exercising effective leadership in inspiring people to work hard.

Telecommuting frees the jobholder from the normal constraints of commuting, fixed hours, special work attire, and even direct contact with supervisors.

Flexible working hours usually result in all of the following except

Job ___ increases job depth by adding work planning and evaluating duties normally performed by the supervisor.

Natalie encourages her employees by recognizing and immediately rewarding a good performance, so that it motivates the employee as well as others to consistently perform well. This type of strategy to increase the frequency of desirable behaviour is known as ___.

The concept of ___ proposes that people have different preferences for equity and thus react differently to perceptions of inequity.

Which of the following sources helps to enhance self-efficacy through learning by observing others succeed at a task?

___ needs described by Clayton Alderfer are essentially the same as the higher-order needs in Maslow's hierarchy.