Exam 8: Making Decisions and Solving Problems

How does the reality of late adulthood differ from the stereotypes of aging imparted by Western culture? Make reference to patterns of physical, cognitive, and social development in your answer.

During the sensorimotor period:

______ is the positive emotional bond that develops between a child and a particular individual.

_____ refers to the process by which people examine and evaluate their existence.

Jack registers as a conscientious objector during the Vietnam War. He believes that it is wrong to take human life. He is willing to serve time in jail, rather than take part in an armed conflict. Jack's reasons for not going to war reflect the _____ stage of moral reasoning established by Kohlberg.

An infant is considered preterm if it is born before week _____.

A teratogen is:

Two children are participating in a memory research: Heather, a preschooler, and Illeana, a sixth grader. When the children fail a particular recall task, the researcher asks each child what she might do to succeed at the task the next time. Heather suggests that she would simply try again; Illeana proposes that she would try to write the items down. The difference in the girls' responses most clearly illustrates an increase in _____ during childhood.

Dona is a graduate student investigating the development of fine motor skills. She selects a group of children and assesses their fine motor skills every six months over a two-year period. In this example, Dona is using a _____ research method.

Maria is studying the effects of calcium on the development of children. She administers different levels of calcium to two groups of children, one group consisting of children aged five and the other group consisting of children aged ten. She studies the growth rate of these two groups regularly over a period of one year. On the basis of the given evidence, it would be most accurate to say that Maria is using _____ research.

According to Piaget, mastery of the principle of conservation marks the beginning of the _____ stage of development.

According to Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, which of the following is the stage in which a person aware of his or her impending death is likely to try to think of ways to postpone death and dedicate his or her life to religion?

A normal fertilized egg, or zygote, contains _____ pairs of chromosomes.

Mrs. Weston asks Colin if he wants his sandwich in one piece or cut into two pieces. Colin tells her to keep it in one piece because he isn't hungry enough to eat two pieces. In the context of Piaget's theory, Colin's answer suggests that he does not:

Which of the following stages of development that a baby goes through is correctly matched with its description or milestone?

Which of the following accurately reflects a positive aspect of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development?

Dr. Edward is testing the same individuals repeatedly over time as part of a research study, while Dr. Janice is comparing the performance of different people of various ages at the same time. Dr. Edward is using a _____ research method; Dr. Janice is using a _____ method.

Walter's parents strongly believe that Walter should make his own decisions, so they set very few rules regarding homework, bedtime, and household chores. Since they believe that freedom and responsibility are important, they patiently tolerate all of Walter's behavior, whether childish or mature. The parenting style adopted by Walter's parents is called:

Hailey's parents demand that she follow their instructions without asking any question. Isabella's parents are firm as well, but they are more likely to reason with her and explain the consequences of her behavior. In Baumrind's terms, Hailey's parents are _____, while Isabella's parents are _____.

Which of the following sequences accurately reflects the order of the stages of prenatal development?