Question 1

Which of the following is TRUE about critical thinking?

Accepted Answer

A) If used properly,everyone who uses it will come to the same conclusion. 
B) It forces us to examine our own assumptions and biases 
C) It often requires being negative or arbitrarily critical of other people's ideas. 
D) It always guarantees a correct answer. 
A) If used properly,everyone who uses it will come to the same conclusion. 
B) It forces us to examine our own assumptions and biases 
C) It often requires being negative or arbitrarily critical of other people's ideas. 
D) It always guarantees a correct answer.

Question 2

Zoe is a participant in an experiment.She is told to watch a series of lights and to identify which one is the brightest.It is likely that Zoe is participating in a(n)_____________ experiment.

Accepted Answer

A) psychophysics 
B) materialism 
C) temperament 
D) psychoanalysis 
A) psychophysics 
B) materialism 
C) temperament 
D) psychoanalysis

Question 3

Collecting observations,testing predictions about how to best explain the observations,and developing theories are all part of

Accepted Answer

A) the scientific method. 
B) pseudoscience. 
C) the biopsychosocial model. 
D) the psychoanalytic model. 
A) the scientific method. 
B) pseudoscience. 
C) the biopsychosocial model. 
D) the psychoanalytic model.

Question 4

Which school of thought in psychology tried to identify the basic elements of sensations,images,and feelings?

Accepted Answer

A) structuralism 
B) phrenology 
C) functionalism 
D) psychoanalysis 
A) structuralism 
B) phrenology 
C) functionalism 
D) psychoanalysis

Question 5

Which of the following would be most difficult for Francis Galton to explain with his theories?

Accepted Answer

A) Close family relatives often have similar traits. 
B) Sometimes children from very humble families become very successful. 
C) Successful parents often have successful children. 
D) In the United States,whites are,on average,more successful than non-whites. 
A) Close family relatives often have similar traits. 
B) Sometimes children from very humble families become very successful. 
C) Successful parents often have successful children. 
D) In the United States,whites are,on average,more successful than non-whites.

Question 6

Psychophysics is the study of

Accepted Answer

A) how the mind controls the body. 
B) the relationship between the physical world and the mental representation of that world. 
C) the relationship between natural selection and behaviour. 
D) the localization of brain function. 
A) how the mind controls the body. 
B) the relationship between the physical world and the mental representation of that world. 
C) the relationship between natural selection and behaviour. 
D) the localization of brain function.

Question 7

The origins of the cognitive perspective can be traced back to a handful of European psychologists who were studying

Accepted Answer

A) memory. 
B) behaviour. 
C) computers. 
D) language. 
A) memory. 
B) behaviour. 
C) computers. 
D) language.

Question 8

How did Darwin suggest behaviour was influenced by natural selection?

Accepted Answer

A) Our current behaviours are those that would have given our ancestors a better chance at survival. 
B) Behavioural traits are directly tied to physical traits,thus a change in a physical trait led to a change in behaviour. 
C) Individuals who were more sensitive to small changes in their environment were more likely to survive. 
D) Personality traits like kindness and empathy were more likely to be passed on than aggression and stubbornness. 
A) Our current behaviours are those that would have given our ancestors a better chance at survival. 
B) Behavioural traits are directly tied to physical traits,thus a change in a physical trait led to a change in behaviour. 
C) Individuals who were more sensitive to small changes in their environment were more likely to survive. 
D) Personality traits like kindness and empathy were more likely to be passed on than aggression and stubbornness.

Question 9

Which school of thought in psychology was heavily influenced by the evolutionary theories of Charles Darwin?

Accepted Answer

A) cognitive psychology 
B) structuralism 
C) functionalism 
D) psychoanalysis 
A) cognitive psychology 
B) structuralism 
C) functionalism 
D) psychoanalysis

Question 10

According to the principle of _______________,human behaviour is the result of internal and external influences.

Accepted Answer

A) free will 
B) materialism 
C) determinism 
D) empiricism 
A) free will 
B) materialism 
C) determinism 
D) empiricism

Question 11

Suppose you were one of the early graduate students of the newly developed field of psychology.Your mentor is interested in discovering the answers to questions like,"Why is the ability to forget helpful?" and "How do emotions assist us in social situations?" Your mentor's approach is most consistent with the ___________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

A) behaviourist 
B) functionalist 
C) psychoanalytic 
D) structuralist 
A) behaviourist 
B) functionalist 
C) psychoanalytic 
D) structuralist

Question 12

One of the first people to connect personality to underlying physiology,Hippocrates proposed that four ________ were responsible for influencing an individual's personality.

Accepted Answer

A) temperaments 
B) humours 
C) biles 
D) brain areas 
A) temperaments 
B) humours 
C) biles 
D) brain areas

Question 13

Which two doctors were able to identify important language centres in the brain by studying their patients?

Accepted Answer

A) Gall and Spurzheim 
B) Broca and Wernicke 
C) Fechner and Darwin 
D) Galton and Wundt 
A) Gall and Spurzheim 
B) Broca and Wernicke 
C) Fechner and Darwin 
D) Galton and Wundt

Question 14

_________ was in stark contrast to structuralism,suggesting that the whole is more important than the sum of individual parts.

Accepted Answer

A) Introspection 
B) Functionalism 
C) Psychoanalysis 
D) Gestalt psychology 
A) Introspection 
B) Functionalism 
C) Psychoanalysis 
D) Gestalt psychology

Question 15

A patient's belief in a treatment working,and the treatment subsequently "curing" the patient's ailment (with no scientific support),is known as

Accepted Answer

A) psychoanalysis. 
B) phrenology. 
C) psychophysics. 
D) psychosomatic medicine. 
A) psychoanalysis. 
B) phrenology. 
C) psychophysics. 
D) psychosomatic medicine.

Question 16

Twitmyer and Pavlov could both be considered __________,each focusing on the process of ___________.

Accepted Answer

A) behaviourists;conditioning. 
B) functionalists;salivation. 
C) structuralists;reflexes. 
D) cognitive psychologists;adaptive behaviour. 
A) behaviourists;conditioning. 
B) functionalists;salivation. 
C) structuralists;reflexes. 
D) cognitive psychologists;adaptive behaviour.

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE about scientific theories?

Accepted Answer

A) All theories are equally plausible provided that there is a consensus among many people who believe it to be true. 
B) The quality of a theory cannot be measured by the number of people who believe it to be true. 
C) Theories are the same thing as opinions or beliefs. 
D) A theory is only valid if it has been proven to be true. 
A) All theories are equally plausible provided that there is a consensus among many people who believe it to be true. 
B) The quality of a theory cannot be measured by the number of people who believe it to be true. 
C) Theories are the same thing as opinions or beliefs. 
D) A theory is only valid if it has been proven to be true.

Question 18

How did physiologists and physicists,like Gustav Fechner,contribute to the development of psychology as a science?

Accepted Answer

A) They studied the relationship between the physical world and mental representation of that world. 
B) They acknowledged that the mind and soul were separate from the body 
C) They mapped the brain and identified the locations of specific functions within the brain. 
D) They extended Darwin's theory of evolution to behaviour and cognitive abilities. 
A) They studied the relationship between the physical world and mental representation of that world. 
B) They acknowledged that the mind and soul were separate from the body 
C) They mapped the brain and identified the locations of specific functions within the brain. 
D) They extended Darwin's theory of evolution to behaviour and cognitive abilities.

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE regarding Darwin's theory of evolution?

Accepted Answer

A) It applies to physical characteristics,but not to behaviour. 
B) It applies to behaviour,but not to physical characteristics. 
C) Behaviour is shaped by evolution in a similar way to physical traits. 
D) It was discredited along with Francis Galton's concept of eugenics. 
A) It applies to physical characteristics,but not to behaviour. 
B) It applies to behaviour,but not to physical characteristics. 
C) Behaviour is shaped by evolution in a similar way to physical traits. 
D) It was discredited along with Francis Galton's concept of eugenics.

Question 20

According to the textbook,scholars in the 1600s likely did not apply scientific methodology to the study of the mind and human behaviour because of what belief?

Accepted Answer

A) They believed the scientific method did not work. 
B) They believed human behaviour was already well-understood. 
C) They believed humans were more than just physical machines and should not be studied using science. 
D) They believed it was a religious sin to try to study the nature of the mind and soul. 
A) They believed the scientific method did not work. 
B) They believed human behaviour was already well-understood. 
C) They believed humans were more than just physical machines and should not be studied using science. 
D) They believed it was a religious sin to try to study the nature of the mind and soul.

Exam 1: C: Introducing Psychological Science

Which of the following is TRUE about critical thinking?

Zoe is a participant in an experiment.She is told to watch a series of lights and to identify which one is the brightest.It is likely that Zoe is participating in a(n)_____________ experiment.

Collecting observations,testing predictions about how to best explain the observations,and developing theories are all part of

Which school of thought in psychology tried to identify the basic elements of sensations,images,and feelings?

Which of the following would be most difficult for Francis Galton to explain with his theories?

Psychophysics is the study of

The origins of the cognitive perspective can be traced back to a handful of European psychologists who were studying

How did Darwin suggest behaviour was influenced by natural selection?

Which school of thought in psychology was heavily influenced by the evolutionary theories of Charles Darwin?

According to the principle of _______________,human behaviour is the result of internal and external influences.

One of the first people to connect personality to underlying physiology,Hippocrates proposed that four ________ were responsible for influencing an individual's personality.

Which two doctors were able to identify important language centres in the brain by studying their patients?

_________ was in stark contrast to structuralism,suggesting that the whole is more important than the sum of individual parts.

A patient's belief in a treatment working,and the treatment subsequently "curing" the patient's ailment (with no scientific support),is known as

Twitmyer and Pavlov could both be considered __________,each focusing on the process of ___________.

Which of the following is TRUE about scientific theories?

How did physiologists and physicists,like Gustav Fechner,contribute to the development of psychology as a science?

Which of the following is TRUE regarding Darwin's theory of evolution?

According to the textbook,scholars in the 1600s likely did not apply scientific methodology to the study of the mind and human behaviour because of what belief?

A: Introducing Psychological Science

B: Introducing Psychological Science

D: Introducing Psychological Science

E: Introducing Psychological Science

A: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

B: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

C: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

D: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

E: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

A: Biological Psychology

B: Biological Psychology

C: Biological Psychology

D: Biological Psychology

E: Biological Psychology

A: Sensation and Perception

B: Sensation and Perception

C: Sensation and Perception

D: Sensation and Perception

A: Consciousness

B: Consciousness

C: Consciousness

D: Consciousness

A: Learning

B: Learning

C: Learning

D: Learning

A: Memory

B: Memory

C: Memory

D: Memory

A: Thought and Language

B: Thought and Language

C: Thought and Language

D: Thought and Language

E: Thought and Language

A: Intelligence Testing

B: Intelligence Testing

C: Intelligence Testing

D: Intelligence Testing

E: Intelligence Testing

A: Lifespan Development

B: Lifespan Development

C: Lifespan Development

D: Lifespan Development

E: Lifespan Development

A: Motivation and Emotion

B: Motivation and Emotion

C: Motivation and Emotion

D: Motivation and Emotion

E: Motivation and Emotion

A: Personality

B: Personality

C: Personality

D: Personality

E: Personality

A: Social Psychology

B: Social Psychology

C: Social Psychology

D: Social Psychology

E: Social Psychology

Twitmyer and Pavlov could both be considered ,each focusing on the process of _.