Exam 12: The Stages of Learning

According to Gentile, an important goal for the learner during the first stage of learning is to acquire a ________ pattern that will allow the person some degree of success at achieving the action goal of the skill.

Changes in EMG patterns occur as a person becomes more skilled. These changes show that a person:

According to Bernstein, during the last phase of skill acquisition, learners:

The brain areas that are active during the early stage of learning are typically:

Gentile's learning stages model indicates that in the second stage of learning, one goal of the learner is related specifically to closed skills. This goal is called:

Research shows that expertise in all fields is the result of a minimum of 5 years of "deliberate" practice.

According to Bernstein, during the early phase of skill acquisition, learners tend to:

An expert's knowledge about an activity is organized into more concepts than a novice's.

The number of degrees of freedom and the complexity of the underlying control mechanism can either increase or decrease during learning.

According to Gentile, the characteristics of an object that specify the movement characteristics required for grasping it are called ________ conditions.

Performing a skill with a minimum expenditure of energy is usually associated with which stage of learning?

The Fitts and Posner stages of learning model proposes that learners engage in the highest amount of cognitive activity during the associative stage.

Ericsson and colleagues refer to the type of practice that is essential for the attainment of expertise as:

Experts are similar to novices in how they use visual information to anticipate the actions of others.

Automatization of motor skills is associated with _____________ in cortical brain activity.

According to Fitts and Posner, the learner moves through three stages when learning a motor skill. These are the cognitive, the associative, and the:

As a person practices a skill, an important change that occurs is the capability to:

According to Gentile's model, the goal of diversification in the second stage of learning is specifically related to ________ motor skills.

The negatively accelerated rate of improvement, which is typical of performance changes for beginners learning a skill, has been mathematically formalized and is known as the _______ law of practice.

If a novice and highly skilled typist were required to perform a verbal secondary task while typing on a keyboard the novice's typing performance would be: