Exam 12: The Stages of Learning

According to Ericsson:

An important change in muscle activity that results from practice is that the activation pattern for agonist and antagonist muscle pairs becomes more ________ from trial to trial.

A characteristic of changes in the coordination among limb segments during the learning stages is the development of more inter-segmental ________ as learning progresses from early to later stages.

When a person learning handwriting moves the three arm segments as if two of the segments were one, this person demonstrates an early learning characteristic known as:

Learners in the later stages of learning typically "freeze degrees of freedom" in their attempt to control the multiple degrees of freedom of a complex motor skill.

According to Bernstein, appropriately organized practice is best described as:

Research indicates that skilled performers direct their visual attention more quickly to ________ conditions in the environment than novices.

If a skill is performed efficiently, then it is being performed with a minimum amount of expended ________.

Gentile's learning stages model indicates that in the first stage of learning, the learner must learn to discriminate between which two types of environmental context conditions?

According to Gentile's stages of learning model, the learner's goals for the later stages depend on whether the skill is an open or closed skill.

A performer characteristic that does not change across the stages of learning is the reliance on the sensory information that was available during the early stage.

According to the Fitts and Posner model, the stage of learning during which the learner makes a large number of errors and tries to answer a lot of "how to" questions is the ________ stage.

The term used to describe the change in the areas of the brain that are active in the different stages of learning is _____.

Patterns of coordination can be organized to exploit passive forces and minimize energy costs.