Question 1

In a short essay, discuss the differences between a procedure, a rule and a policy.Include specific examples of each to support your answer.

Accepted Answer

a.A procedure is a series of interrelate

Question 2

Which of the following would best describe the psychological orientation of an individual making a 'maximax' type of choice?

Accepted Answer

A) optimist 
B) realist 
C) pessimist 
D) satisficer 
E) extremist 
A) optimist 
B) realist 
C) pessimist 
D) satisficer 
E) extremist

Question 3

Which of the following is important to remember in evaluating the effectiveness of the decision-making process?

Accepted Answer

A) Ignore criticism concerning the decision making. 
B) You may have to start the whole decision process over. 
C) Restart the decision-making process if the decision is less than 50 per cent effective. 
D) Ninety per cent of problems with decision making occur in the implementation step. 
E) Keep track of problems with the chosen alternative, but only change those issues that upper management demand. 
A) Ignore criticism concerning the decision making. 
B) You may have to start the whole decision process over. 
C) Restart the decision-making process if the decision is less than 50 per cent effective. 
D) Ninety per cent of problems with decision making occur in the implementation step. 
E) Keep track of problems with the chosen alternative, but only change those issues that upper management demand.

Question 4

Managers of highly reliable organisations (HROs)get the input of ________ and let them make decisions.

Accepted Answer

A) CEOs 
B) frontline workers 
C) customers 
D) experts 
E) suppliers 
A) CEOs 
B) frontline workers 
C) customers 
D) experts 
E) suppliers

Question 5

What type of decision making is frequently made?

Accepted Answer

A) non-programmed 
B) unique 
C) non-repetitive 
D) non-routine 
E) programmed 
A) non-programmed 
B) unique 
C) non-repetitive 
D) non-routine 
E) programmed

Question 6

The type of decision making in which the solution is considered 'good enough' is known as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) intuition 
B) rational 
C) maximising 
D) satisficing 
E) 'gut feeling' 
A) intuition 
B) rational 
C) maximising 
D) satisficing 
E) 'gut feeling'

Question 7

A ________ is an explicit statement that tells a manager what he or she ought or ought not to do.

Accepted Answer

A) procedure 
B) policy 
C) rule 
D) solution 
E) system 
A) procedure 
B) policy 
C) rule 
D) solution 
E) system

Question 8

When decision makers fail to adjust adequately for information because they fixate on initial information they received, they are influenced by ________.

Accepted Answer

A) sunk costs error 
B) hindsight bias 
C) availability bias 
D) anchoring bias 
E) selective perception bias 
A) sunk costs error 
B) hindsight bias 
C) availability bias 
D) anchoring bias 
E) selective perception bias

Question 9

Which of the following is the step in the decision-making process that follows identifying a problem and decision criteria?

Accepted Answer

A) allocating weights to the criteria 
B) analysing the alternatives 
C) selecting the best alternative 
D) implementing the alternative 
E) evaluating the decision's effectiveness 
A) allocating weights to the criteria 
B) analysing the alternatives 
C) selecting the best alternative 
D) implementing the alternative 
E) evaluating the decision's effectiveness

Question 10

Hindsight bias makes the decision makers falsely believe that they would have accurately predicted the outcome of an event, once that outcome is actually known.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

If an individual knows the price of three similar cars at different dealerships, he/she is operating under what type of decision-making condition?

Accepted Answer

A) risk 
B) uncertainty 
C) certainty 
D) factual 
E) unprogrammed 
A) risk 
B) uncertainty 
C) certainty 
D) factual 
E) unprogrammed

Question 12

A manager who 'by tomorrow wants to know the most logical answer to the problem that will increase profits for this month' has which of the following decision-making styles?

Accepted Answer

A) linear 
B) non-linear 
C) conceptual 
D) behavioural 
E) empirical 
A) linear 
B) non-linear 
C) conceptual 
D) behavioural 
E) empirical

Question 13

________ is a situation in which a decision maker has neither certainty nor reasonable probability estimates available.

Accepted Answer

A) Certainty 
B) Risk 
C) Uncertainty 
D) Maximax 
E) Maximin 
A) Certainty 
B) Risk 
C) Uncertainty 
D) Maximax 
E) Maximin

Question 14

The first step in the decision-making process is identifying a problem.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Only managers make organisational decisions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

When problems are ________, managers must rely on ________ in order to develop unique solutions.

Accepted Answer

A) well structured; non-programmed decision making 
B) well structured; pure intuition 
C) poorly structured; non-programmed decision making 
D) poorly structured; programmed decision making 
E) semi structured; programmed decision making 
A) well structured; non-programmed decision making 
B) well structured; pure intuition 
C) poorly structured; non-programmed decision making 
D) poorly structured; programmed decision making 
E) semi structured; programmed decision making

Question 17

When a decision maker chooses an alternative under perfect rationality, she chooses a ________ decision, whereas under bounded rationality, she chooses a ________ decision.

Accepted Answer

A) minimising; satisfying 
B) satisficing; maximising 
C) maximising; satisficing 
D) maximising; minimising 
E) minimising; maximising 
A) minimising; satisfying 
B) satisficing; maximising 
C) maximising; satisficing 
D) maximising; minimising 
E) minimising; maximising

Question 18

'A discrepancy between an existing and a desired state of affairs' describes which of the steps in the decision-making process?

Accepted Answer

A) criteria weight allocation 
B) analysis of alternatives 
C) problem identification 
D) decision effectiveness evaluation 
E) decision criteria identification 
A) criteria weight allocation 
B) analysis of alternatives 
C) problem identification 
D) decision effectiveness evaluation 
E) decision criteria identification

Question 19

In a short essay explain how the organisational psychologist Karl Weick defines Highly Reliable Organisations (HRO)and list the five habits that HROs share.

Accepted Answer

Karl Weick says that the best way for ma

Question 20

In a short essay, discuss the difference between well-structured and poorly structured problems.Include specific examples of each type of problem to support your answer.Next, discuss the type of decisions that would be used to address each of these problems.

Accepted Answer

a.Well-structured problems - The goal of

In a short essay, discuss the differences between a procedure, a rule and a policy.Include specific examples of each to support your answer.

Which of the following would best describe the psychological orientation of an individual making a 'maximax' type of choice?

Which of the following is important to remember in evaluating the effectiveness of the decision-making process?

Managers of highly reliable organisations (HROs)get the input of ________ and let them make decisions.

What type of decision making is frequently made?

The type of decision making in which the solution is considered 'good enough' is known as which of the following?

A ________ is an explicit statement that tells a manager what he or she ought or ought not to do.

When decision makers fail to adjust adequately for information because they fixate on initial information they received, they are influenced by ________.

Which of the following is the step in the decision-making process that follows identifying a problem and decision criteria?

Hindsight bias makes the decision makers falsely believe that they would have accurately predicted the outcome of an event, once that outcome is actually known.

If an individual knows the price of three similar cars at different dealerships, he/she is operating under what type of decision-making condition?

A manager who 'by tomorrow wants to know the most logical answer to the problem that will increase profits for this month' has which of the following decision-making styles?

________ is a situation in which a decision maker has neither certainty nor reasonable probability estimates available.

The first step in the decision-making process is identifying a problem.

Only managers make organisational decisions.

When problems are , managers must rely on in order to develop unique solutions.

When a decision maker chooses an alternative under perfect rationality, she chooses a decision, whereas under bounded rationality, she chooses a decision.

'A discrepancy between an existing and a desired state of affairs' describes which of the steps in the decision-making process?

In a short essay explain how the organisational psychologist Karl Weick defines Highly Reliable Organisations (HRO)and list the five habits that HROs share.

In a short essay, discuss the difference between well-structured and poorly structured problems.Include specific examples of each type of problem to support your answer.Next, discuss the type of decisions that would be used to address each of these problems.

Introduction to Organisations and Management

Management Yesterday and Today

Environment and Organisational Culture: the Constraints

Managing in a Global Environment

Social Responsibility and Managerial Ethics

Managing Change and Innovation

Foundations of Planning

Strategic Management

Managerial Controls

Managing Operations

Organisational Structure and Design

Managing Teams

Managing Human Resources

Understanding Individual Behaviour

Managers and Communication

Motivating Employees

Managers As Leaders

Filters

Exam 6: Managers As Decision Makers

In a short essay, discuss the differences between a procedure, a rule and a policy.Include specific examples of each to support your answer.

Which of the following would best describe the psychological orientation of an individual making a 'maximax' type of choice?

Which of the following is important to remember in evaluating the effectiveness of the decision-making process?

Managers of highly reliable organisations (HROs)get the input of ________ and let them make decisions.

What type of decision making is frequently made?

The type of decision making in which the solution is considered 'good enough' is known as which of the following?

A ________ is an explicit statement that tells a manager what he or she ought or ought not to do.

When decision makers fail to adjust adequately for information because they fixate on initial information they received, they are influenced by ________.

Which of the following is the step in the decision-making process that follows identifying a problem and decision criteria?

Hindsight bias makes the decision makers falsely believe that they would have accurately predicted the outcome of an event, once that outcome is actually known.

If an individual knows the price of three similar cars at different dealerships, he/she is operating under what type of decision-making condition?

A manager who 'by tomorrow wants to know the most logical answer to the problem that will increase profits for this month' has which of the following decision-making styles?

________ is a situation in which a decision maker has neither certainty nor reasonable probability estimates available.

The first step in the decision-making process is identifying a problem.

Only managers make organisational decisions.

When problems are ________, managers must rely on ________ in order to develop unique solutions.

When a decision maker chooses an alternative under perfect rationality, she chooses a ________ decision, whereas under bounded rationality, she chooses a ________ decision.

'A discrepancy between an existing and a desired state of affairs' describes which of the steps in the decision-making process?

In a short essay explain how the organisational psychologist Karl Weick defines Highly Reliable Organisations (HRO)and list the five habits that HROs share.

In a short essay, discuss the difference between well-structured and poorly structured problems.Include specific examples of each type of problem to support your answer.Next, discuss the type of decisions that would be used to address each of these problems.

Introduction to Organisations and Management

Management Yesterday and Today

Environment and Organisational Culture: the Constraints

Managing in a Global Environment

Social Responsibility and Managerial Ethics

Managing Change and Innovation

Foundations of Planning

Strategic Management

Managerial Controls

Managing Operations

Organisational Structure and Design

Managing Teams

Managing Human Resources

Understanding Individual Behaviour

Managers and Communication

Motivating Employees

Managers As Leaders

Filters

When problems are , managers must rely on in order to develop unique solutions.

When a decision maker chooses an alternative under perfect rationality, she chooses a decision, whereas under bounded rationality, she chooses a decision.