Question 1

Pediatricians and development psychologists often talk about types of development that tend to occur during specific time windows. These are referred to as developmental __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Pediatricians and development psychologists often talk about...

Question 2

Name one type of learning that does not involve the provision of obvious reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

Latent or

Question 3

Learning about events in our own lives is called ___________ learning. Learning about facts is called __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  semantic; episodic learning 
B)  semantic; semantic learning, too 
C)  episodic; episodic learning, too 
D)  episodic; semantic learning 
A)  semantic; episodic learning 
B)  semantic; semantic learning, too 
C)  episodic; episodic learning, too 
D)  episodic; semantic learning

Question 4

Explain how a conditioned taste aversion occurs by identifying the US, UR, CS, and CR.

Accepted Answer

True cause of illnes

Question 5

Is conditioned taste aversion in any way an exception of sorts to the general principles of classical conditioning? If so, how?

Accepted Answer

A)  No, it is not an exception - it is simply another illustration of the generality of the principles of classical conditioning. 
B)  Yes, it is an exception - conditioned taste aversions require more trials to acquire than do most CRs. 
C)  Yes, it is an exception - conditioned taste aversions require a shorter interval between the CS and the response for their acquisition than do most CRs. 
D)  Yes, it is an exception -- conditioned taste aversions often require only a single CS-UCS pairing, rather than several pairings, for their acquisition. 
A)  No, it is not an exception - it is simply another illustration of the generality of the principles of classical conditioning. 
B)  Yes, it is an exception - conditioned taste aversions require more trials to acquire than do most CRs. 
C)  Yes, it is an exception - conditioned taste aversions require a shorter interval between the CS and the response for their acquisition than do most CRs. 
D)  Yes, it is an exception -- conditioned taste aversions often require only a single CS-UCS pairing, rather than several pairings, for their acquisition.

Question 6

Instead of studying as the class progressed, a student pulled an "all-nighter" by cramming the night before the test. What type of learning trials did he use?

Accepted Answer

A)  Massed 
B)  Spaced 
C)  Single exposure 
D)  Multiple exposure 
A)  Massed 
B)  Spaced 
C)  Single exposure 
D)  Multiple exposure

Question 7

An exaggerated or irrational fear of a stimulus is termed a(n) ________. It is associated with increased brain activity in the _________.

Accepted Answer

A)  neurosis; amygdala 
B)  neurosis; hypothalamus 
C)  phobia; amygdala 
D)  phobia; hypothalamus 
A)  neurosis; amygdala 
B)  neurosis; hypothalamus 
C)  phobia; amygdala 
D)  phobia; hypothalamus

Question 8

Newborn humans demonstrate an almost immediate preference for their mother's odor.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

What school of thought in psychology was dedicated to understanding the principles of operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What school of thought in psychology was...

Question 10

Joy was startled into flinching when she heard thunder during a rain storm. Eventually, the sight of lighting made her flinch. What is the conditioned stimulus in this example?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sound of thunder 
B)  Flinching from hearing thunder 
C)  Sight of lightning 
D)  Flinching from sight of lightning 
A)  Sound of thunder 
B)  Flinching from hearing thunder 
C)  Sight of lightning 
D)  Flinching from sight of lightning

Question 11

Michelle used to engage in vigorous exercise without warming up first. One day at the gym, she watched another woman warm up before running laps. As a result, she started warming up as well. Which term does NOT describe the type of learning that has occurred?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mimicry 
B)  Modeling 
C)  Observational 
D)  Latent 
A)  Mimicry 
B)  Modeling 
C)  Observational 
D)  Latent

Question 12

Sensory habituation occurs outside of our awareness.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Often, a conditioned response may be elicited not only by the original CS, but also by a similar one. This is known as stimulus ___________.

Accepted Answer

A)  control 
B)  discrimination 
C)  generalization 
D)  diffusion 
A)  control 
B)  discrimination 
C)  generalization 
D)  diffusion

Question 14

Which hypothesis is probably the most reasonable regarding the potential influence of massed vs. spaced practice on the relationship between the number of hours spent studying and the degree to which material is learned?

Accepted Answer

A)  The correlation between hours of study and degree of learning should be higher for massed than for spaced practice. 
B)  The correlation between hours of study and degree of learning should be negative for massed practice but positive for spaced practice. 
C)  The correlation between hours of study and degree of learning should be zero for massed practice but positive for spaced practice. 
D)  The correlation between hours of study and degree of learning should be lower for massed than for spaced practice. 
A)  The correlation between hours of study and degree of learning should be higher for massed than for spaced practice. 
B)  The correlation between hours of study and degree of learning should be negative for massed practice but positive for spaced practice. 
C)  The correlation between hours of study and degree of learning should be zero for massed practice but positive for spaced practice. 
D)  The correlation between hours of study and degree of learning should be lower for massed than for spaced practice.

Question 15

Dr. Authement has developed several alternative plans to increase the number of online practice quizzes his students complete. Which plan below is CORRECTLY matched with the reinforcement schedule it illustrates?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 bonus point for every 2 online practice quizzes completed - continuous schedule 
B)  1 bonus point awarded every 2 weeks if 2 or more quizzes have been completed - fixed-ratio schedule 
C)  1 bonus point awarded every now and then (about 2 weeks on average) if 2 or more quizzes have been completed recently - variable-interval 
D)  0.5 bonus point awarded for each quiz completed - fixed-interval schedule 
A)  1 bonus point for every 2 online practice quizzes completed - continuous schedule 
B)  1 bonus point awarded every 2 weeks if 2 or more quizzes have been completed - fixed-ratio schedule 
C)  1 bonus point awarded every now and then (about 2 weeks on average) if 2 or more quizzes have been completed recently - variable-interval 
D)  0.5 bonus point awarded for each quiz completed - fixed-interval schedule

Question 16

Why are learning and memory treated separately in most introductory textbooks in psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)  Psychologists have traditionally used animal subjects in studies of learning, but human participants in studies of memory. 
B)  Learning and memory involve different brain mechanisms. 
C)  Learning and memory are less related than they might seem. 
D)  Psychologists have used experimental methods to investigate memory, but correlational research to examine memory. 
A)  Psychologists have traditionally used animal subjects in studies of learning, but human participants in studies of memory. 
B)  Learning and memory involve different brain mechanisms. 
C)  Learning and memory are less related than they might seem. 
D)  Psychologists have used experimental methods to investigate memory, but correlational research to examine memory.

Question 17

"Responses that lead to satisfying consequences are more likely to be repeated." This is the law of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  consequences 
B)  reward 
C)  effect 
D)  reinforcement 
A)  consequences 
B)  reward 
C)  effect 
D)  reinforcement

Question 18

What did Hebb mean by "cells that fire together, wire together"?

Accepted Answer

Cells that are activated at th

Question 19

Having a single exposure to information is considered an effective means for studying semantic or factual information.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which alternative below CORRECTLY identifies a sea slug's behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  A sea slug withdraws its gill and siphon when it is touched. Several touches later, it no longer withdraws its gill and siphon -- habituation 
B)  A sea slug withdraws its gill and siphon when it is touched. Several touches later, it no longer withdraws its gill and siphon -- extinction 
C)  A sea slug withdraws its gill and siphon when it is shocked with electricity. It still withdraws its gill and siphon when it is then touched lightly -- habituation 
D)  A sea slug withdraws its gill and siphon when it is shocked with electricity. It still withdraws its gill and siphon when it is then touched lightly -- conditioning 
A)  A sea slug withdraws its gill and siphon when it is touched. Several touches later, it no longer withdraws its gill and siphon -- habituation 
B)  A sea slug withdraws its gill and siphon when it is touched. Several touches later, it no longer withdraws its gill and siphon -- extinction 
C)  A sea slug withdraws its gill and siphon when it is shocked with electricity. It still withdraws its gill and siphon when it is then touched lightly -- habituation 
D)  A sea slug withdraws its gill and siphon when it is shocked with electricity. It still withdraws its gill and siphon when it is then touched lightly -- conditioning

Pediatricians and development psychologists often talk about types of development that tend to occur during specific time windows. These are referred to as developmental __________.

Name one type of learning that does not involve the provision of obvious reinforcement.

Learning about events in our own lives is called _ learning. Learning about facts is called .

Explain how a conditioned taste aversion occurs by identifying the US, UR, CS, and CR.

Is conditioned taste aversion in any way an exception of sorts to the general principles of classical conditioning? If so, how?

Instead of studying as the class progressed, a student pulled an "all-nighter" by cramming the night before the test. What type of learning trials did he use?

An exaggerated or irrational fear of a stimulus is termed a(n) . It is associated with increased brain activity in the _.

Newborn humans demonstrate an almost immediate preference for their mother's odor.

What school of thought in psychology was dedicated to understanding the principles of operant conditioning?

Joy was startled into flinching when she heard thunder during a rain storm. Eventually, the sight of lighting made her flinch. What is the conditioned stimulus in this example?

Michelle used to engage in vigorous exercise without warming up first. One day at the gym, she watched another woman warm up before running laps. As a result, she started warming up as well. Which term does NOT describe the type of learning that has occurred?

Sensory habituation occurs outside of our awareness.

Often, a conditioned response may be elicited not only by the original CS, but also by a similar one. This is known as stimulus ___________.

Which hypothesis is probably the most reasonable regarding the potential influence of massed vs. spaced practice on the relationship between the number of hours spent studying and the degree to which material is learned?

Dr. Authement has developed several alternative plans to increase the number of online practice quizzes his students complete. Which plan below is CORRECTLY matched with the reinforcement schedule it illustrates?

Why are learning and memory treated separately in most introductory textbooks in psychology?

"Responses that lead to satisfying consequences are more likely to be repeated." This is the law of ________.

What did Hebb mean by "cells that fire together, wire together"?

Having a single exposure to information is considered an effective means for studying semantic or factual information.

Which alternative below CORRECTLY identifies a sea slug's behavior?

Psychology: Yesterday and Today

Psychology As a Science

Human Development

Neuroscience

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness

Memory

Language and Thought

Intelligence

Motivation

Emotion

Personality

Social Psychology

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Filters

Exam 7: Learning

Pediatricians and development psychologists often talk about types of development that tend to occur during specific time windows. These are referred to as developmental __________.

Name one type of learning that does not involve the provision of obvious reinforcement.

Learning about events in our own lives is called ___________ learning. Learning about facts is called __________.

Explain how a conditioned taste aversion occurs by identifying the US, UR, CS, and CR.

Is conditioned taste aversion in any way an exception of sorts to the general principles of classical conditioning? If so, how?

Instead of studying as the class progressed, a student pulled an "all-nighter" by cramming the night before the test. What type of learning trials did he use?

An exaggerated or irrational fear of a stimulus is termed a(n) ________. It is associated with increased brain activity in the _________.

Newborn humans demonstrate an almost immediate preference for their mother's odor.

What school of thought in psychology was dedicated to understanding the principles of operant conditioning?

Joy was startled into flinching when she heard thunder during a rain storm. Eventually, the sight of lighting made her flinch. What is the conditioned stimulus in this example?

Michelle used to engage in vigorous exercise without warming up first. One day at the gym, she watched another woman warm up before running laps. As a result, she started warming up as well. Which term does NOT describe the type of learning that has occurred?

Sensory habituation occurs outside of our awareness.

Often, a conditioned response may be elicited not only by the original CS, but also by a similar one. This is known as stimulus ___________.

Which hypothesis is probably the most reasonable regarding the potential influence of massed vs. spaced practice on the relationship between the number of hours spent studying and the degree to which material is learned?

Dr. Authement has developed several alternative plans to increase the number of online practice quizzes his students complete. Which plan below is CORRECTLY matched with the reinforcement schedule it illustrates?

Why are learning and memory treated separately in most introductory textbooks in psychology?

"Responses that lead to satisfying consequences are more likely to be repeated." This is the law of ________.

What did Hebb mean by "cells that fire together, wire together"?

Having a single exposure to information is considered an effective means for studying semantic or factual information.

Which alternative below CORRECTLY identifies a sea slug's behavior?

Psychology: Yesterday and Today

Psychology As a Science

Human Development

Neuroscience

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness

Memory

Language and Thought

Intelligence

Motivation

Emotion

Personality

Social Psychology

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Filters

Learning about events in our own lives is called _ learning. Learning about facts is called .

An exaggerated or irrational fear of a stimulus is termed a(n) . It is associated with increased brain activity in the _.