Exam 5: Learning

_____ refers to a decrease in the response to a stimulus when it is presented repeatedly,whereas _____ refers to the eventual disappearance of a conditioned response when an unconditioned stimulus is no longer presented.

Children are more likely to imitate models who are reinforced than models who are punished.

The focus of classical and operant conditioning is on _____.The focus of the cognitive learning approach is on _____.

Dr.Arceneaux has developed several alternative plans to increase the number of online practice quizzes his students complete.Which plan below is correctly matched with a reinforcement schedule?

Lee became sick after eating clams.From then on,scallops and mussels also made him nauseous,but shrimp and lobster did not.Lee's reaction to scallops and mussels illustrates extinction.

Marina feels a rush of love and nostalgia at the scent of honeysuckle; the fragrant scent is similar to that of the perfume her mother wore when Marina was little.The perfume's fragrance is a(n):

Jonas,a veteran of the war in Iraq,suffers from PTSD.Now,back home in a quiet California neighborhood,he jumps when he hears a firecracker or a car backfire.In the terminology of classical conditioning,these sounds are BEST thought of as _____ stimuli.

Which scenario exemplifies negative punishment?

In Ivan Pavlov's study,the US was _____; the neutral stimulus was _____; and,finally,the CS was ____.

Poisoned or spoiled food is a powerful CS.

According to the textbook.a postreinforcement dip in responding is MOST characteristic of _____ schedules of reinforcement.

B.F.Skinner is to classical conditioning as Ivan Pavlov is to operant conditioning.

What is the reason that Edward Tolman's latent learning results pose a problem for strict,Skinnerian views of learning?

Dr.DiFonzo notices several students nodding in agreement as he lectures.Subsequently,his rhetoric becomes more confident and more passionate.The students have provided ______ reinforcement.

The process of teaching complex behavior by reinforcing ever closer approximations of the desired behavior is called:

A probation officer is using positive punishment when she fines a client $100 for missing an appointment.

How is conditioned taste aversion an exception to the general principles of classical conditioning?

Because a bright flash of light automatically causes one to blink,it is a conditioned stimulus.

The roots of operant conditioning may be traced to _____'s early studies of hungry cats learning to escape from cages.

The rats in John Garcia's studies could better associate nausea with smells or tastes than with sights or sounds.