Exam 5: Learning

Primary reinforcers are also called conditioned reinforcers.

Using reinforcers to condition a series of small steps that get progressively closer to a target behavior is called:

With negative reinforcement a(n):

Skip would like his partner to stop leaving shaving cream and stubble in the sink after he shaves in the morning.At first,Skip complains to his partner about the mess.Then he changes tactics: he thanks his partner on the occasional mornings when he rinses out the sink.Skip has changed from using _____ to using _____.

In research cited in the textbook,Tobias Greitemeyer (2009)exposed participants to either neutral or prosocial messages and assessed their prosocial thoughts,feelings,and behaviors.In this research,participants exposed to neutral messages were in the _____ group.

In an effort to help save an endangered Australian marsupial called the northern quoll,researchers paired a nausea-inducing drug along with parts of the toxic toads that the quolls often eat.In this application of a phenomenon called _____,the toxic toads are a(n)_____.

Habituation is a type of learning.

Higher order conditioning involves an association between:

Reinforcement is more effective than punishment at changing behavior.

Sexual fetishes may be seen as a real-life example of operant conditioning.

The addition of a pleasant stimulus following a target behavior is called _____ reinforcement.

Effie no longer eats egg salad sandwiches.Some time ago,she began vomiting after consuming a sandwich in which bacteria was growing in the mayonnaise.Which alternative below correctly identifies the stimulus in this situation?

John Garcia and his colleagues conducted classic demonstrations of conditioned taste aversion.

Voluntary behavior is to involuntary behavior as _____ conditioning is to _____ conditioning.

Conditioned taste aversion is usually established only after multiple US-CS pairings.

When Cliff suddenly realizes the solution to a brainteaser,he is demonstrating latent learning.

Recall Edward Tolman's latent learning experiments in which rats learned to run a maze.What was the critical result?

John B.Watson and Rosalie Rayner's Little Albert study would be considered unethical by today's standards.

Loosely speaking,nature is to nurture as ______ reinforcers are to ______ reinforcers.

For Edward Thorndike's cats,fish was a ____ reinforcer.