Exam 5: Learning

_____ refers to a behavior's disappearance when its reinforcer is removed.

Operant conditioning involves forming associations between:

Mrs.Martin,a third-grade teacher,is teaching cursive writing.At first,she reinforces with an encouraging word even crude attempts to reproduce letters; as time goes on,though,she reinforces only well-formed letters.By reinforcing progressively better attempts at writing letters,Mrs.Martin is using:

Operant conditioning is associated with _____ and _____.

In one company,associates sell a consumer product over the telephone.For every tenth sale,associates receive a $100 cash bonus.The bonus is delivered on a _____ schedule.

After Carlotta consumed some poorly stored sushi on a hot day she became violently ill.Now she can't stand the sight of sushi.She has developed a:

Both positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement have the same effect on behavior.

Which promotion exemplifies the use of a fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement?

A relatively permanent change in behavior or thinking due to experience is called:

A late charge on one's utility bill exemplifies negative punishment.

Learning involves:

A rat is on a variable-ratio schedule of reinforcement when it receives a food pellet after a fluctuating number of bar presses.

In a Skinner box,a rat escapes painful electric shock by pressing a lever.The rat's bar-pressing behavior is maintained by:

When a neutral stimulus comes to elicit a response after being paired with a stimulus that would elicit the same response naturally then ____ has occurred.

Molly's dog no longer sits when Molly says "Sit!" because she no longer feeds the animal table scraps when it obeys.The dog sits,though,when Molly's sister visits one evening and says "Sit!" Molly's dog is demonstrating:

A Skinner box provides a highly controlled environment allowing researchers to study how animal behavior varies with alterations in the environment.In this situation,animal behavior is a(n)_____ variable.An alteration in the environment is a(n)_____ variable.

Recall the research methods described in an earlier chapter of the textbook.Which of the techniques does John B.Watson and Rosalie Rayner's work with Little AlbertBEST exemplify?

Edward Thorndike's notion that successful responses are stamped in by experience may be seen as an early statement of B.F.Skinner's concept of:

Advertisers use enjoyable music,cute babies,attractive models,and funny spokespeople to create positive advertisements.The music,babies,and so on are BEST thought of as:

"Responses that lead to pleasurable consequences are more likely to be repeated." This is the law of: