Question 1

The process in which opposing facts are weighed and compared to determine the best solution is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  contextual intelligence. 
B)  factor analysis. 
C)  dialectical reasoning. 
D)  justification of effort. 
A)  contextual intelligence. 
B)  factor analysis. 
C)  dialectical reasoning. 
D)  justification of effort.

Question 2

________ refers to a complex capacity that enables you to manipulate information retrieved from long-term memory and interpret it appropriately for a given task.

Accepted Answer

A)  Tacit knowledge 
B)  Working memory 
C)  Metacognition 
D)  Emotional intelligence 
A)  Tacit knowledge 
B)  Working memory 
C)  Metacognition 
D)  Emotional intelligence

Question 3

According to the triarchic theory of intelligence, there are three kinds of intelligence. ________ intelligence refers to the practical application of intelligence in different situations and environments.

Accepted Answer

A)  Emotional 
B)  Componential 
C)  Contextual 
D)  Experiential 
A)  Emotional 
B)  Componential 
C)  Contextual 
D)  Experiential

Question 4

Catherine's grandmother says that if Catherine follows the family's traditional recipe for Irish soda bread exactly, then she is sure to have very good results. Catherine's grandmother is encouraging her granddaughter to:

Accepted Answer

A)  engage in dialectical thinking. 
B)  make use of her family's tacit knowledge. 
C)  use an algorithm. 
D)  rely upon a heuristic. 
A)  engage in dialectical thinking. 
B)  make use of her family's tacit knowledge. 
C)  use an algorithm. 
D)  rely upon a heuristic.

Question 5

Informal reasoning involves:

Accepted Answer

A)  using algorithms. 
B)  finding a single correct answer. 
C)  nonconscious responding. 
D)  dialectical reasoning. 
A)  using algorithms. 
B)  finding a single correct answer. 
C)  nonconscious responding. 
D)  dialectical reasoning.

Question 6

As a woman, Dawn is aware of the stereotypes that women are not good at math. When she completes a questionnaire about her gender and then is given a math test, it is most likely that:

Accepted Answer

A)  Dawn's self-conscious awareness of the stereotypes regarding women will improve her test performance. 
B)  The questionnaire about her gender will lessen the effect of stereotype threat on her performance. 
C)  Dawn will return the test to the administrator completely blank due to the burden of stereotype threat. 
D)  The questionnaire will increase stereotype threat, and increase the risk that she will underperform on the math test. 
A)  Dawn's self-conscious awareness of the stereotypes regarding women will improve her test performance. 
B)  The questionnaire about her gender will lessen the effect of stereotype threat on her performance. 
C)  Dawn will return the test to the administrator completely blank due to the burden of stereotype threat. 
D)  The questionnaire will increase stereotype threat, and increase the risk that she will underperform on the math test.

Question 7

________ is the study of cognitive processes in nonhuman animals, especially in natural environments.

Accepted Answer

A)  Psychometrics 
B)  Cognitive ethology 
C)  Factor analysis 
D)  Metacognition 
A)  Psychometrics 
B)  Cognitive ethology 
C)  Factor analysis 
D)  Metacognition

Question 8

Arwan enjoys chemistry class but does poorly on tests because he spends too much time on the most difficult questions. According to cognitive approach to intelligence, what aspect of intelligence should Arwan try to improve upon in order to do better on chemistry tests?

Accepted Answer

A)  metacognition 
B)  working memory 
C)  long-term memory 
D)  emotional intelligence 
A)  metacognition 
B)  working memory 
C)  long-term memory 
D)  emotional intelligence

Question 9

At the age of 66, Hilda is worried when researchers ask her to take an IQ test. She knows that older people are assumed to have failing cognitive abilities. Which term is used to describe Hilda's anxiety? How could Hilda's test performance be affected by her worries?

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 10

_____________ is usually the best approach to problems that have several possible answers that vary in quality.

Accepted Answer

A)  Formal reasoning 
B)  Informal reasoning 
C)  Using an algorithm 
D)  Choosing a solution randomly 
A)  Formal reasoning 
B)  Informal reasoning 
C)  Using an algorithm 
D)  Choosing a solution randomly

Question 11

Alfred Binet's insight regarding a method of measuring mental development had an international impact in the twentieth century. Explain how he went about calculating a child's mental abilities. What scoring system did later researchers base on Binet's method, and how was it originally calculated?

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 12

Rita's mental representation for Halloween includes knowledge, beliefs, and expectations. Which term is used to describe these characteristics? Develop an example that describes Rita's mental representation for Halloween, making sure that each of the three aspects mentioned above is included.

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 13

________ is the knowledge or awareness of one's own cognitive processes.

Accepted Answer

A)  Contextual intelligence 
B)  Emotional intelligence 
C)  Metacognition 
D)  Tacit knowledge 
A)  Contextual intelligence 
B)  Emotional intelligence 
C)  Metacognition 
D)  Tacit knowledge

Question 14

Tacit knowledge refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  strategies for success that are not explicitly taught but instead must be inferred. 
B)  the knowledge of one's own cognitive processes and how they can be used effectively. 
C)  recognition that a problem exists and selection of a strategy based on previously acquired knowledge. 
D)  learning new knowledge quickly so that one can cope effectively with novel situations. 
A)  strategies for success that are not explicitly taught but instead must be inferred. 
B)  the knowledge of one's own cognitive processes and how they can be used effectively. 
C)  recognition that a problem exists and selection of a strategy based on previously acquired knowledge. 
D)  learning new knowledge quickly so that one can cope effectively with novel situations.

Question 15

One type of mental representation is the concept. How do concepts allow us to relate to the world around us in a manageable way? Create an example to show what a person's experience in a novel situation could be like if humans didn't organize the world based on concepts.

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 16

________ learning is defined as learning that occurs when you acquire knowledge about something without being aware of how you did so and without being able to state exactly what it is you have learned.

Accepted Answer

A)  Convergent 
B)  Implicit 
C)  Explicit 
D)  Divergent 
A)  Convergent 
B)  Implicit 
C)  Explicit 
D)  Divergent

Question 17

If individuals are asked to rate the effectiveness of condoms in preventing the transmission of HIV (the virus that causes AIDS), they would be most likely to rate a condom as effective if they were told:

Accepted Answer

A)  that the condom has a 95 percent success rate in protecting against the HIV. 
B)  that only 5 condom users out of every 100 are not protected against the HIV. 
C)  that the condom has a 5 percent failure rate in protecting against the HIV. 
D)  It does not matter, because all of the options above describe the same statistical effectiveness. 
A)  that the condom has a 95 percent success rate in protecting against the HIV. 
B)  that only 5 condom users out of every 100 are not protected against the HIV. 
C)  that the condom has a 5 percent failure rate in protecting against the HIV. 
D)  It does not matter, because all of the options above describe the same statistical effectiveness.

Question 18

Prereflective thinkers tend to assume that:

Accepted Answer

A)  some things can never be known with certainty. 
B)  all opinions are created equal. 
C)  a correct answer always exists. 
D)  some judgments are more valid than others. 
A)  some things can never be known with certainty. 
B)  all opinions are created equal. 
C)  a correct answer always exists. 
D)  some judgments are more valid than others.

Question 19

A mental category that groups objects, relations, activities, abstractions, or qualities having common properties is called a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  mental set. 
B)  concept. 
C)  algorithm. 
D)  prototype. 
A)  mental set. 
B)  concept. 
C)  algorithm. 
D)  prototype.

Question 20

A unit of meaning that is made up of concepts and expresses a single idea is called a:

Accepted Answer

A)  prototype. 
B)  mental image. 
C)  cognitive schema. 
D)  proposition. 
A)  prototype. 
B)  mental image. 
C)  cognitive schema. 
D)  proposition.

The process in which opposing facts are weighed and compared to determine the best solution is called:

________ refers to a complex capacity that enables you to manipulate information retrieved from long-term memory and interpret it appropriately for a given task.

According to the triarchic theory of intelligence, there are three kinds of intelligence. ________ intelligence refers to the practical application of intelligence in different situations and environments.

Catherine's grandmother says that if Catherine follows the family's traditional recipe for Irish soda bread exactly, then she is sure to have very good results. Catherine's grandmother is encouraging her granddaughter to:

Informal reasoning involves:

As a woman, Dawn is aware of the stereotypes that women are not good at math. When she completes a questionnaire about her gender and then is given a math test, it is most likely that:

________ is the study of cognitive processes in nonhuman animals, especially in natural environments.

Arwan enjoys chemistry class but does poorly on tests because he spends too much time on the most difficult questions. According to cognitive approach to intelligence, what aspect of intelligence should Arwan try to improve upon in order to do better on chemistry tests?

At the age of 66, Hilda is worried when researchers ask her to take an IQ test. She knows that older people are assumed to have failing cognitive abilities. Which term is used to describe Hilda's anxiety? How could Hilda's test performance be affected by her worries?

_____________ is usually the best approach to problems that have several possible answers that vary in quality.

Alfred Binet's insight regarding a method of measuring mental development had an international impact in the twentieth century. Explain how he went about calculating a child's mental abilities. What scoring system did later researchers base on Binet's method, and how was it originally calculated?

Rita's mental representation for Halloween includes knowledge, beliefs, and expectations. Which term is used to describe these characteristics? Develop an example that describes Rita's mental representation for Halloween, making sure that each of the three aspects mentioned above is included.

________ is the knowledge or awareness of one's own cognitive processes.

Tacit knowledge refers to:

One type of mental representation is the concept. How do concepts allow us to relate to the world around us in a manageable way? Create an example to show what a person's experience in a novel situation could be like if humans didn't organize the world based on concepts.

________ learning is defined as learning that occurs when you acquire knowledge about something without being aware of how you did so and without being able to state exactly what it is you have learned.

If individuals are asked to rate the effectiveness of condoms in preventing the transmission of HIV (the virus that causes AIDS), they would be most likely to rate a condom as effective if they were told:

Prereflective thinkers tend to assume that:

A mental category that groups objects, relations, activities, abstractions, or qualities having common properties is called a(n):

A unit of meaning that is made up of concepts and expresses a single idea is called a:

What Is Psychology

How Psychologists Do Research

Genes, Evolution, and Environment

The Brain and Nervous System

Body Rhythms and Mental States

Sensation and Perception

Learning and Conditioning

Behaviour in Social and Cultural Context

Memory

Emotion, Stress, and Health

Motivation

Development Over the Life Span

Theories of Personality

Psychological Disorders

Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

Filters

Exam 9: Thinking and Intelligence

The process in which opposing facts are weighed and compared to determine the best solution is called:

________ refers to a complex capacity that enables you to manipulate information retrieved from long-term memory and interpret it appropriately for a given task.

According to the triarchic theory of intelligence, there are three kinds of intelligence. ________ intelligence refers to the practical application of intelligence in different situations and environments.

Catherine's grandmother says that if Catherine follows the family's traditional recipe for Irish soda bread exactly, then she is sure to have very good results. Catherine's grandmother is encouraging her granddaughter to:

Informal reasoning involves:

As a woman, Dawn is aware of the stereotypes that women are not good at math. When she completes a questionnaire about her gender and then is given a math test, it is most likely that:

________ is the study of cognitive processes in nonhuman animals, especially in natural environments.

Arwan enjoys chemistry class but does poorly on tests because he spends too much time on the most difficult questions. According to cognitive approach to intelligence, what aspect of intelligence should Arwan try to improve upon in order to do better on chemistry tests?

At the age of 66, Hilda is worried when researchers ask her to take an IQ test. She knows that older people are assumed to have failing cognitive abilities. Which term is used to describe Hilda's anxiety? How could Hilda's test performance be affected by her worries?

_____________ is usually the best approach to problems that have several possible answers that vary in quality.

Alfred Binet's insight regarding a method of measuring mental development had an international impact in the twentieth century. Explain how he went about calculating a child's mental abilities. What scoring system did later researchers base on Binet's method, and how was it originally calculated?

Rita's mental representation for Halloween includes knowledge, beliefs, and expectations. Which term is used to describe these characteristics? Develop an example that describes Rita's mental representation for Halloween, making sure that each of the three aspects mentioned above is included.

________ is the knowledge or awareness of one's own cognitive processes.

Tacit knowledge refers to:

One type of mental representation is the concept. How do concepts allow us to relate to the world around us in a manageable way? Create an example to show what a person's experience in a novel situation could be like if humans didn't organize the world based on concepts.

________ learning is defined as learning that occurs when you acquire knowledge about something without being aware of how you did so and without being able to state exactly what it is you have learned.

If individuals are asked to rate the effectiveness of condoms in preventing the transmission of HIV (the virus that causes AIDS), they would be most likely to rate a condom as effective if they were told:

Prereflective thinkers tend to assume that:

A mental category that groups objects, relations, activities, abstractions, or qualities having common properties is called a(n):

A unit of meaning that is made up of concepts and expresses a single idea is called a:

What Is Psychology

How Psychologists Do Research

Genes, Evolution, and Environment

The Brain and Nervous System

Body Rhythms and Mental States

Sensation and Perception

Learning and Conditioning

Behaviour in Social and Cultural Context

Memory

Emotion, Stress, and Health

Motivation

Development Over the Life Span

Theories of Personality

Psychological Disorders

Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

Filters