Exam 9: Thinking and Intelligence

David Wechsler designed the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) in order to produce:

Frida is a young child in the process of developing concepts. Which of the following concepts is she most likely to learn first?

Which of the following statements is true of formal reasoning?

The Binet intelligence test was originally developed to:

________ is the tendency of individuals to increase their liking for something that they have worked hard or suffered to attain.

The tendency to look for or pay attention only to information that supports one's own belief is called:

When Mitch was learning to drive, he couldn't imagine how he could ever remember to steer the wheel, flip on the turn signal, step on the accelerator, and still manage to turn the car! After driving for three years, Mitch's reactions have become automatic. Now, when he drives a car:

Stereotype threat refers to:

________ is the knowledge or awareness of one's own cognitive processes.

When using the availability heuristic, people tend to judge the probability of an event based on:

The day after the election, Josephine says that she knew all along who the winner would be. Although it is possible that she had some special insight into the election, it is more likely that Josephine is:

Which of the following is a form of dissonance reduction?

Distinguish between formal and informal reasoning.

The text discusses four elements of cognition: concepts, mental images, cognitive schemas, and propositions. In the diagram below, fill in the appropriate labels to create a visual summary of the elements of cognition.

Connie's method of studying worked effectively throughout high school until she took her first foreign language course. In this course, her grades were much lower than usual. How could her mental set for studying have played a role in Connie scoring low grades?

A ________ is an integrated mental network of knowledge, beliefs, and expectations concerning a particular topic or aspect of the world.

________ is a state of tension that occurs when you hold either two cognitions that are psychologically inconsistent with one another, or a belief that is incongruent with your behaviour.

In general, people try to avoid losses when making a decision. Explain why this cognitive bias may affect a person's decision about accepting or rejecting various aspects of medical treatment.

A representation that may occur in many sensory modalities, and that resembles what it represents, is a:

________ is an inferred characteristic of an individual, usually defined as the ability to profit from experience, acquire knowledge, think abstractly, act purposefully, or adapt to changes in the environment.