Exam 9: Thinking and Intelligence

Japanese school teachers and students are more likely than their American counterparts to believe that:

A ________ is an integrated mental network of knowledge, beliefs, and expectations concerning a particular topic or aspect of the world.

In Chapter 9, the authors note that many adults take one position and stick with it no matter what. How does this lack of reflective judgment and dialectical thinking relate to the critical thinking guidelines explained in Chapter 1?

Irene Pepperberg worked with an African gray parrot named Alex. Her research revealed that:

The ________ is the tendency for people's choices to be affected by how a choice is presented, such as whether it is worded in terms of potential losses or gains.

In the 1950s, a social psychologist and two of his associates joined a "doomsday" group in order to study how the group members would react when the world did not end as predicted by their leader. How did the believers respond? Analyze their responses according to the theory of cognitive dissonance.

Animals solve problems in ways that fascinate us. Describe the research that has led some researchers to conclude that animals can think. In your essay, include information regarding: - the chimpanzees studied by Wolfgang Kohler; - Kanzi, the bonobo who uses a computer keyboard; and - Alex, the African gray parrot who vocalized English words.

The original formula for determining IQ had a serious flaw in that:

Gertrude voted "yes" on a ballot question about whether convicted sex offenders should be banned from being within 500 feet of a playground. Afterwards, she realized that she voted yes because she was disgusted by the thought of sex offenders near playgrounds, but did not really consider whether the ban would actually decrease the probability that a child would be harmed. Gertrude used ________________ to make her decision.

Bernard shows off his vocabulary and book smarts when he is writing a paper for his English professor. When he is talking with the people who live in his working-class neighborhood, he avoids using words that most people don't know. Bernard's ability to alter the way he communicates to fit different environments and situations demonstrates his ___________ intelligence.

A(n) ________ process occurs outside of conscious awareness, but is accessible to consciousness when necessary.

A mental image is:

________ is the tendency to falsely attribute human qualities to nonhuman beings.

Who among the following people is most likely to experience cognitive dissonance?

A young boy's mental age would be:

Fenton has learned a great strategy for winning a card game, but he developed the strategy without being able to consciously identify what he was doing. He isn't even sure what exactly he has learned! This type of learning is called:

Contrast the behaviours of college students who are weak in metacognition with those for whom metacognition is a strength.

A(n) ________ process occurs outside of conscious awareness, but is accessible to consciousness when necessary.

________ intelligence is the ability to identify your own and other people's emotions accurately, express your emotions clearly, and regulate emotions in yourself and others.

________ is the capacity to reason and use information to solve problems. It is relatively independent of a person's education.