Question 1

Investigations of animal behaviours indicate that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the actions of animals can be explained by instinct and by principles of operant conditioning alone. 
B)  chimpanzees have a rudimentary sense of number and appear to have some sort of summing ability. 
C)  humans are the only animals who can acquire behaviours from their parents. 
D)  Many animals use species-specific languages to communicate. 
A)  the actions of animals can be explained by instinct and by principles of operant conditioning alone. 
B)  chimpanzees have a rudimentary sense of number and appear to have some sort of summing ability. 
C)  humans are the only animals who can acquire behaviours from their parents. 
D)  Many animals use species-specific languages to communicate.

Question 2

Which of the following statements is generally true for people capable of reflective judgment?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are willing to consider evidence from a variety of sources and to reason dialectically. 
B)  They tend to assume that a correct answer always exists and that it can be obtained directly through the senses or from authorities. 
C)  They think that all opinions are created equal. 
D)  They do not distinguish between knowledge and belief or between belief and evidence, and they see no reason to justify a belief. 
A)  They are willing to consider evidence from a variety of sources and to reason dialectically. 
B)  They tend to assume that a correct answer always exists and that it can be obtained directly through the senses or from authorities. 
C)  They think that all opinions are created equal. 
D)  They do not distinguish between knowledge and belief or between belief and evidence, and they see no reason to justify a belief.

Question 3

How does the availability heuristic lead people to believe that catastrophic events, such as plane crashes, occur more frequently than they actually do?

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 4

Informal reasoning involves:

Accepted Answer

A)  using algorithms. 
B)  finding a single correct answer. 
C)  nonconscious responding. 
D)  dialectical reasoning. 
A)  using algorithms. 
B)  finding a single correct answer. 
C)  nonconscious responding. 
D)  dialectical reasoning.

Question 5

As she moves quietly around the restaurant where she is a waitress, Alicia finds herself hearing "in her mind's ear" the song, "Just Whistle While You Work!" This would be an example of a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  proposition. 
B)  prototype. 
C)  auditory image. 
D)  cognitive schema. 
A)  proposition. 
B)  prototype. 
C)  auditory image. 
D)  cognitive schema.

Question 6

________ is the study of cognitive processes in nonhuman animals, especially in natural environments.

Accepted Answer

A)  Psychometrics 
B)  Cognitive ethology 
C)  Factor analysis 
D)  Metacognition 
A)  Psychometrics 
B)  Cognitive ethology 
C)  Factor analysis 
D)  Metacognition

Question 7

The tendency to look for or pay attention only to information that supports one's own belief is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  a mental set. 
B)  confirmation bias. 
C)  stereotype threat. 
D)  mindlessness. 
A)  a mental set. 
B)  confirmation bias. 
C)  stereotype threat. 
D)  mindlessness.

Question 8

Vicky runs a dog-fighting ring out of her house. She justifies the harm that happens to the dogs by telling herself that dog fighting isn't cruel because dogs cannot think or feel emotions. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  anthropodenial. 
B)  anthropomorphism. 
C)  stereotype threat. 
D)  tacit knowledge. 
A)  anthropodenial. 
B)  anthropomorphism. 
C)  stereotype threat. 
D)  tacit knowledge.

Question 9

Japanese school teachers and students are more likely than their American counterparts to believe that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the secret to doing well in mathematics is working hard. 
B)  mathematical ability is innate and either you have it or you don't. 
C)  lower standards are acceptable because children need time for exercise and play. 
D)  small classes and high-technology resources are imperative for a quality education. 
A)  the secret to doing well in mathematics is working hard. 
B)  mathematical ability is innate and either you have it or you don't. 
C)  lower standards are acceptable because children need time for exercise and play. 
D)  small classes and high-technology resources are imperative for a quality education.

Question 10

________ refers to the cognitive skills and specific knowledge acquired over a lifetime; it is heavily dependent on education and tends to remain stable over time.

Accepted Answer

A)  Fluid intelligence 
B)  Working memory 
C)  Crystallized intelligence 
D)  Metacognition 
A)  Fluid intelligence 
B)  Working memory 
C)  Crystallized intelligence 
D)  Metacognition

Question 11

Our ability to multitask is due, in large part, to our ability to perform ________________ cognitive tasks.

Accepted Answer

A)  conscious 
B)  deliberate 
C)  subconscious 
D)  nonconscious 
A)  conscious 
B)  deliberate 
C)  subconscious 
D)  nonconscious

Question 12

Explain some of the hazards of multitasking.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain some of the hazards of multitasking....

Question 13

Comparisons of attitudes and performance with regard to math tests in Asia and the U.S. showed that:

Accepted Answer

A)  although the attitudes toward intellectual success were similar among Asian children and American children, their actual performance on tests differed markedly. 
B)  only 10 percent of the American children had scores as low on computations and word problems as the average Asian child. 
C)  only 4 percent of the Chinese children and 10 percent of the Japanese children had scores as low as the average American child. 
D)  although the performance of Asian children and American children is similar, attitudes toward intellectual success differed markedly. 
A)  although the attitudes toward intellectual success were similar among Asian children and American children, their actual performance on tests differed markedly. 
B)  only 10 percent of the American children had scores as low on computations and word problems as the average Asian child. 
C)  only 4 percent of the Chinese children and 10 percent of the Japanese children had scores as low as the average American child. 
D)  although the performance of Asian children and American children is similar, attitudes toward intellectual success differed markedly.

Question 14

Children in Beijing typically outperform children in Chicago on tests of mathematical ability because:

Accepted Answer

A)  Chinese children have more innate mathematical ability. 
B)  Chinese children have better schools. 
C)  Chinese children have more financial support. 
D)  Chinese children value education more. 
A)  Chinese children have more innate mathematical ability. 
B)  Chinese children have better schools. 
C)  Chinese children have more financial support. 
D)  Chinese children value education more.

Question 15

Which of the following is one of the components in Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence?

Accepted Answer

A)  metacognitive intelligence 
B)  cultural intelligence 
C)  contextual intelligence 
D)  emotional intelligence 
A)  metacognitive intelligence 
B)  cultural intelligence 
C)  contextual intelligence 
D)  emotional intelligence

Question 16

________ refers to mental inflexibility, inertia, and obliviousness to the present context.

Accepted Answer

A)  Implicit learning 
B)  Multitasking 
C)  Automatic processing 
D)  Mindlessness 
A)  Implicit learning 
B)  Multitasking 
C)  Automatic processing 
D)  Mindlessness

Question 17

Who among the following people is most likely to experience cognitive dissonance?

Accepted Answer

A)  the draftee who hates the army 
B)  the smoker who knows that smoking causes lung cancer 
C)  the teenager who doesn't like the car a parent bought for him 
D)  the lawyer who worked hard to complete law school and likes working as a lawyer 
A)  the draftee who hates the army 
B)  the smoker who knows that smoking causes lung cancer 
C)  the teenager who doesn't like the car a parent bought for him 
D)  the lawyer who worked hard to complete law school and likes working as a lawyer

Question 18

Which statement is true about the mindless processing of information?

Accepted Answer

A)  We would be better off if we eliminated mindlessness completely from our lives. 
B)  It is usually the best way to perform a task because it allows us to operate on "automatic pilot." 
C)  It has little effect on behaviour because the processing goes on outside of awareness. 
D)  It has benefits, but also can lead to mishaps and serious errors. 
A)  We would be better off if we eliminated mindlessness completely from our lives. 
B)  It is usually the best way to perform a task because it allows us to operate on "automatic pilot." 
C)  It has little effect on behaviour because the processing goes on outside of awareness. 
D)  It has benefits, but also can lead to mishaps and serious errors.

Question 19

Sara has had a string of failed romantic relationships over the past 3 years. Her partners tend to tell the same story: Sara often can't tell when they are mad at her, and doesn't seem able to express her own feelings. If her exes' complaints are accurate, Sara would likely score low on tests of _________ intelligence.

Accepted Answer

A)  emotional 
B)  componential 
C)  general 
D)  tacit 
A)  emotional 
B)  componential 
C)  general 
D)  tacit

Question 20

When John worries about getting bit by a shark when swimming at the beach, but doesn't worry about getting cancer from the cigarettes he smokes, he is:

Accepted Answer

A)  avoiding loss. 
B)  exhibiting confirmation bias. 
C)  exaggerating the improbable. 
D)  exhibiting hindsight bias. 
A)  avoiding loss. 
B)  exhibiting confirmation bias. 
C)  exaggerating the improbable. 
D)  exhibiting hindsight bias.

Investigations of animal behaviours indicate that:

Which of the following statements is generally true for people capable of reflective judgment?

How does the availability heuristic lead people to believe that catastrophic events, such as plane crashes, occur more frequently than they actually do?

Informal reasoning involves:

As she moves quietly around the restaurant where she is a waitress, Alicia finds herself hearing "in her mind's ear" the song, "Just Whistle While You Work!" This would be an example of a(n):

________ is the study of cognitive processes in nonhuman animals, especially in natural environments.

The tendency to look for or pay attention only to information that supports one's own belief is called:

Vicky runs a dog-fighting ring out of her house. She justifies the harm that happens to the dogs by telling herself that dog fighting isn't cruel because dogs cannot think or feel emotions. This is an example of:

Japanese school teachers and students are more likely than their American counterparts to believe that:

________ refers to the cognitive skills and specific knowledge acquired over a lifetime; it is heavily dependent on education and tends to remain stable over time.

Our ability to multitask is due, in large part, to our ability to perform ________________ cognitive tasks.

Explain some of the hazards of multitasking.

Comparisons of attitudes and performance with regard to math tests in Asia and the U.S. showed that:

Children in Beijing typically outperform children in Chicago on tests of mathematical ability because:

Which of the following is one of the components in Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence?

________ refers to mental inflexibility, inertia, and obliviousness to the present context.

Who among the following people is most likely to experience cognitive dissonance?

Which statement is true about the mindless processing of information?

When John worries about getting bit by a shark when swimming at the beach, but doesn't worry about getting cancer from the cigarettes he smokes, he is:

What Is Psychology

How Psychologists Do Research

Genes, Evolution, and Environment

The Brain and Nervous System

Body Rhythms and Mental States

Sensation and Perception

Learning and Conditioning

Behaviour in Social and Cultural Context

Memory

Emotion, Stress, and Health

Motivation

Development Over the Life Span

Theories of Personality

Psychological Disorders

Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

Filters

Exam 9: Thinking and Intelligence

Investigations of animal behaviours indicate that:

Which of the following statements is generally true for people capable of reflective judgment?

How does the availability heuristic lead people to believe that catastrophic events, such as plane crashes, occur more frequently than they actually do?

Informal reasoning involves:

As she moves quietly around the restaurant where she is a waitress, Alicia finds herself hearing "in her mind's ear" the song, "Just Whistle While You Work!" This would be an example of a(n):

________ is the study of cognitive processes in nonhuman animals, especially in natural environments.

The tendency to look for or pay attention only to information that supports one's own belief is called:

Vicky runs a dog-fighting ring out of her house. She justifies the harm that happens to the dogs by telling herself that dog fighting isn't cruel because dogs cannot think or feel emotions. This is an example of:

Japanese school teachers and students are more likely than their American counterparts to believe that:

________ refers to the cognitive skills and specific knowledge acquired over a lifetime; it is heavily dependent on education and tends to remain stable over time.

Our ability to multitask is due, in large part, to our ability to perform ________________ cognitive tasks.

Explain some of the hazards of multitasking.

Comparisons of attitudes and performance with regard to math tests in Asia and the U.S. showed that:

Children in Beijing typically outperform children in Chicago on tests of mathematical ability because:

Which of the following is one of the components in Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence?

________ refers to mental inflexibility, inertia, and obliviousness to the present context.

Who among the following people is most likely to experience cognitive dissonance?

Which statement is true about the mindless processing of information?

When John worries about getting bit by a shark when swimming at the beach, but doesn't worry about getting cancer from the cigarettes he smokes, he is:

What Is Psychology

How Psychologists Do Research

Genes, Evolution, and Environment

The Brain and Nervous System

Body Rhythms and Mental States

Sensation and Perception

Learning and Conditioning

Behaviour in Social and Cultural Context

Memory

Emotion, Stress, and Health

Motivation

Development Over the Life Span

Theories of Personality

Psychological Disorders

Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

Filters