Exam 6: Bone Tissue

Which of the following are true of yellow bone marrow? 1) It is the main site of blood cell production. 2) It is located in the medullary (marrow) cavities of long bones. 3) It is located in hipbones, sternum, ribs, and vertebrae. 4) It is a site of energy storage in the form of triglycerides. 5) It becomes more abundant relative to red bone marrow with increasing age due to the conversion of red bone marrow to yellow bone marrow.

Briefly describe the structure and function of each of the four zones of cartilage of the epiphyseal plate.

The hardness of bone is due to crystallized inorganic mineral salts such as calcium phosphate. The flexibility and tensile strength of bone are due to organic molecules such as collagen fibers.

The epiphyseal plate is

Normal bone growth and replacement depend on the presence of

A good description of a perforating canal is that it

Osteocytes are the mature bone cells that develop directly from _____.

The areas between neighboring osteons contain

What factors are necessary for normal bone growth and replacement?

Canaliculi allow nutrients to diffuse to mature bone cells located within lacunae of the osteon. Which of the following are those mature bone cells?

Explain why damage to the epiphyseal plate in childhood may result in the fractured bone being shorter than normal once adult stature is reached.

At birth, all bones are cartilaginous. Ossification occurs only after birth.

Explain why bedridden patients can lose bone mass.

The perichondrium of the cartilage model becomes the periosteum of compact bone.

Put the following in correct order for endochondral ossification. 1) Mesenchymal cells of the embryo develop into cartilage-producing cells. 2) The periosteum (formerly perichondrium) begins to produce a thin layer of compact bone. 3) A hyaline cartilage model of the future bone is formed. 4) Cartilage in the midregion of the model becomes calcified. 5) Spongy bone tissue develops at the primary ossification center. 6) Secondary ossification centers produce spongy bone tissue of the epiphyses. 7) Medullary cavity is formed.

The spaces in bone tissue that contain osteocytes are called _____.

According to shape classification, the phalanges of the fingers and toes are _____ bones.

Osteopenia is a decrease in bone mass below normal, as occurs in osteoporosis.

Mechanical stress on bone is due to the contraction of skeletal muscles and due to _____.

For bones to unite properly, the fractured ends must be brought into alignment. In _____, the fractured ends of a bone are brought into alignment by manual manipulation, and the skin remains intact. In _____, the fractured ends of a bone are brought into alignment by a surgical procedure using internal fixation devices.