Question 1

Instrumental conditioning is another term for ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive restructuring 
B)  classical conditioning 
C)  operant conditioning 
D)  vicarious learning 
A)  cognitive restructuring 
B)  classical conditioning 
C)  operant conditioning 
D)  vicarious learning

Question 2

Reinforcement experienced by models that affects the willingness of others to perform the behavior they learned by observing those models is called ________ reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A)  mediated 
B)  secondary 
C)  primary 
D)  vicarious 
A)  mediated 
B)  secondary 
C)  primary 
D)  vicarious

Question 3

Your dog Hans loves to ride in the car. Whenever anyone picks up a set of keys he races for the door. When your grandmother, who is afraid of dogs, arrives for a visit, Hans is not allowed to ride in the car. By the end of her two-week visit, he has ceased going to the door when the keys come out. However, after a brief vacation away from home, he's back at the door again as soon as he hears the keys. Why?

Accepted Answer

A)  Generalization has occurred. 
B)  Grandma produced external inhibition in the dog. 
C)  Spontaneous recovery has occurred. 
D)  Counterconditioning occurred during the vacation. 
A)  Generalization has occurred. 
B)  Grandma produced external inhibition in the dog. 
C)  Spontaneous recovery has occurred. 
D)  Counterconditioning occurred during the vacation.

Question 4

By pairing the ringing of a bell with the presentation of meat, Pavlov trained dogs to salivate to the sound of a bell even when no meat was presented. In this experiment, salivation to the meat was the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned response 
B)  conditioned stimulus 
C)  unconditioned response 
D)  unconditioned stimulus 
A)  conditioned response 
B)  conditioned stimulus 
C)  unconditioned response 
D)  unconditioned stimulus

Question 5

Which of the following would be most appropriate for the use of biofeedback procedures?

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioning children who are bullies to be less aggressive 
B)  conditioning children to be on time for school 
C)  conditioning executives to reduce their blood pressure 
D)  conditioning coyotes to stay away from sheep 
A)  conditioning children who are bullies to be less aggressive 
B)  conditioning children to be on time for school 
C)  conditioning executives to reduce their blood pressure 
D)  conditioning coyotes to stay away from sheep

Question 6

A researcher trains a little boy to fear a rabbit by making a loud, frightening noise every time the boy approaches the rabbit. This type of learning is known as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning 
B)  operant conditioning 
C)  cognitive learning 
D)  vicarious learning 
A)  classical conditioning 
B)  operant conditioning 
C)  cognitive learning 
D)  vicarious learning

Question 7

________ reinforcers result in the learning of new behaviors or the strengthening of existing ones.

Accepted Answer

A)  Positive, but not negative 
B)  Neither positive nor negative 
C)  Negative, but not positive 
D)  Positive and negative 
A)  Positive, but not negative 
B)  Neither positive nor negative 
C)  Negative, but not positive 
D)  Positive and negative

Question 8

Perry works at a job where he is paid by commission. For every car Perry sells, he gets 10 percent of the profits. Perry is being reinforced on a ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed-ratio schedule 
B)  fixed-interval schedule 
C)  variable-interval schedule 
D)  variable-ratio schedule 
A)  fixed-ratio schedule 
B)  fixed-interval schedule 
C)  variable-interval schedule 
D)  variable-ratio schedule

Question 9

In operant conditioning, extinction occurs as a result of withholding ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforcement 
B)  the conditioned stimulus 
C)  the unconditioned stimulus 
D)  punishment 
A)  reinforcement 
B)  the conditioned stimulus 
C)  the unconditioned stimulus 
D)  punishment

Question 10

Positive reinforcement ________ the likelihood that the behavior preceding it will happen again while negative reinforcement ________ the likelihood that the preceding behavior will happen again.

Accepted Answer

A)  decreases; decreases 
B)  decreases; increases 
C)  increases; increases 
D)  increases; decreases 
A)  decreases; decreases 
B)  decreases; increases 
C)  increases; increases 
D)  increases; decreases

Question 11

The concept of latent learning was developed by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Watson 
B)  Skinner 
C)  Tolman 
D)  Thorndike 
A)  Watson 
B)  Skinner 
C)  Tolman 
D)  Thorndike

Question 12

Desensitization therapy is based primarily on the principles of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  vicarious learning 
B)  cognitive learning 
C)  classical conditioning 
D)  operant conditioning 
A)  vicarious learning 
B)  cognitive learning 
C)  classical conditioning 
D)  operant conditioning

Question 13

Failure to take steps to avoid or escape from an unpleasant or aversive stimulus that occurs as a result of previous exposure to unavoidable painful stimuli is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  vicarious learning 
B)  learned helplessness 
C)  avoidance learning 
D)  aversive conditioning 
A)  vicarious learning 
B)  learned helplessness 
C)  avoidance learning 
D)  aversive conditioning

Question 14

Presenting the unconditioned stimulus before the conditioned stimulus is known as ________ conditioning.

Accepted Answer

A)  inverted 
B)  classical 
C)  backward 
D)  primary 
A)  inverted 
B)  classical 
C)  backward 
D)  primary

Question 15

Extinction and spontaneous recovery occur in ________ conditioning.

Accepted Answer

A)  both classical and operant 
B)  operant, but not classical, 
C)  classical, but not operant, 
D)  neither operant nor classical 
A)  both classical and operant 
B)  operant, but not classical, 
C)  classical, but not operant, 
D)  neither operant nor classical

Question 16

Describe Kohler's and Harlow's research on insight and learning sets. What conclusions can be drawn from this research regarding animals' abilities to learn?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe Kohler's and Harlow's research on insight...

Question 17

Name and briefly discuss each of the four schedules of reinforcement. In your discussion, be sure to give an example for each schedule and describe the response pattern that typically results from each schedule.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Name and briefly discuss each of the...

Question 18

The process by which experience or practice results in a relatively permanent change in behavior or potential behavior is known as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  learning 
B)  intelligence formation 
C)  cognition 
D)  imprinting 
A)  learning 
B)  intelligence formation 
C)  cognition 
D)  imprinting

Question 19

Each of the following is true of biofeedback except ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  it can be used to help people control their brain waves 
B)  it does not work for everyone 
C)  learning biofeedback techniques is quick, simple, and easy 
D)  it has become a well-established treatment for a variety of medical problems 
A)  it can be used to help people control their brain waves 
B)  it does not work for everyone 
C)  learning biofeedback techniques is quick, simple, and easy 
D)  it has become a well-established treatment for a variety of medical problems

Question 20

Mary Cover Jones first demonstrated that children's fears can be ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  unlearned through classical conditioning 
B)  unlearned through operant conditioning 
C)  learned through classical conditioning 
D)  learned through operant conditioning 
A)  unlearned through classical conditioning 
B)  unlearned through operant conditioning 
C)  learned through classical conditioning 
D)  learned through operant conditioning

Instrumental conditioning is another term for ________.

Reinforcement experienced by models that affects the willingness of others to perform the behavior they learned by observing those models is called ________ reinforcement.

By pairing the ringing of a bell with the presentation of meat, Pavlov trained dogs to salivate to the sound of a bell even when no meat was presented. In this experiment, salivation to the meat was the ________.

Which of the following would be most appropriate for the use of biofeedback procedures?

A researcher trains a little boy to fear a rabbit by making a loud, frightening noise every time the boy approaches the rabbit. This type of learning is known as ________.

________ reinforcers result in the learning of new behaviors or the strengthening of existing ones.

Perry works at a job where he is paid by commission. For every car Perry sells, he gets 10 percent of the profits. Perry is being reinforced on a ________.

In operant conditioning, extinction occurs as a result of withholding ________.

Positive reinforcement the likelihood that the behavior preceding it will happen again while negative reinforcement the likelihood that the preceding behavior will happen again.

The concept of latent learning was developed by ________.

Desensitization therapy is based primarily on the principles of ________.

Failure to take steps to avoid or escape from an unpleasant or aversive stimulus that occurs as a result of previous exposure to unavoidable painful stimuli is called ________.

Presenting the unconditioned stimulus before the conditioned stimulus is known as ________ conditioning.

Extinction and spontaneous recovery occur in ________ conditioning.

Describe Kohler's and Harlow's research on insight and learning sets. What conclusions can be drawn from this research regarding animals' abilities to learn?

Name and briefly discuss each of the four schedules of reinforcement. In your discussion, be sure to give an example for each schedule and describe the response pattern that typically results from each schedule.

The process by which experience or practice results in a relatively permanent change in behavior or potential behavior is known as ________.

Each of the following is true of biofeedback except ________.

Mary Cover Jones first demonstrated that children's fears can be ________.

The Science of Psychology

The Biological Basis of Behavior

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Memory

Cognition and Mental Abilities

Motivation and Emotion

Life-Span Development

Personality

Stress and Health Psychology

Psychological Disorders

Therapies

Social Psychology

Measurement and Statistical Methods

Psychology Applied to Work

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Exam 5: Learning

Instrumental conditioning is another term for ________.

Reinforcement experienced by models that affects the willingness of others to perform the behavior they learned by observing those models is called ________ reinforcement.

By pairing the ringing of a bell with the presentation of meat, Pavlov trained dogs to salivate to the sound of a bell even when no meat was presented. In this experiment, salivation to the meat was the ________.

Which of the following would be most appropriate for the use of biofeedback procedures?

A researcher trains a little boy to fear a rabbit by making a loud, frightening noise every time the boy approaches the rabbit. This type of learning is known as ________.

________ reinforcers result in the learning of new behaviors or the strengthening of existing ones.

Perry works at a job where he is paid by commission. For every car Perry sells, he gets 10 percent of the profits. Perry is being reinforced on a ________.

In operant conditioning, extinction occurs as a result of withholding ________.

Positive reinforcement ________ the likelihood that the behavior preceding it will happen again while negative reinforcement ________ the likelihood that the preceding behavior will happen again.

The concept of latent learning was developed by ________.

Desensitization therapy is based primarily on the principles of ________.

Failure to take steps to avoid or escape from an unpleasant or aversive stimulus that occurs as a result of previous exposure to unavoidable painful stimuli is called ________.

Presenting the unconditioned stimulus before the conditioned stimulus is known as ________ conditioning.

Extinction and spontaneous recovery occur in ________ conditioning.

Describe Kohler's and Harlow's research on insight and learning sets. What conclusions can be drawn from this research regarding animals' abilities to learn?

Name and briefly discuss each of the four schedules of reinforcement. In your discussion, be sure to give an example for each schedule and describe the response pattern that typically results from each schedule.

The process by which experience or practice results in a relatively permanent change in behavior or potential behavior is known as ________.

Each of the following is true of biofeedback except ________.

Mary Cover Jones first demonstrated that children's fears can be ________.

The Science of Psychology

The Biological Basis of Behavior

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Memory

Cognition and Mental Abilities

Motivation and Emotion

Life-Span Development

Personality

Stress and Health Psychology

Psychological Disorders

Therapies

Social Psychology

Measurement and Statistical Methods

Psychology Applied to Work

Filters

Positive reinforcement the likelihood that the behavior preceding it will happen again while negative reinforcement the likelihood that the preceding behavior will happen again.