Exam 5: Learning

The use of biofeedback to monitor and control brain wave activity is known as ________.

Briefly describe the types of generalization and discrimination that occur in classical and operant conditioning and explain how each works.

The step-by-step reinforcement of partial responses is called shaping.

Explain the concept of preparedness. Also, summarize research findings on food aversion and how it relates to preparedness.

An operant conditioning technique in which a learner gains control over some physiological process is called ________.

Compare and contrast positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement in terms of their methods and effects.

If you want an organism to respond very rapidly with only a brief pause after each reinforcement, which schedule of reinforcement would you choose?

According to the law of effect, a behavior is most likely to be repeated when it is ________.

To teach a tiger to jump through a flaming hoop, the tiger is first reinforced for jumping up on a certain pedestal, then for leaping from that pedestal to another. Next, the tiger has to jump through a hoop between the pedestals to get the reward. Finally, the hoop is set afire and the tiger must jump through it to get the reward. This is an example of ________.

A girl learns that whenever her older brother shares his cookie with her, her mother gives him a piece of candy. The girl's learning is a demonstration of ________.

A kind of therapy closely related to classical conditioning that is designed to gradually reduce anxiety about a particular object or situation is known as ________ therapy.

Barbara suffers from tension headaches. Her doctor teaches her to control them by attaching an electronic device that emits a tone to her head. Even slight relaxation of her head muscles causes the tone to drop. By relaxing her head muscles, her headaches are relieved. This technique is known as ________.

The idea that learning occurs, and is stored up, even when behaviors are not reinforced, is called ________.

Presenting an aversive stimulus to eliminate undesired behavior is an example of ________.

Negative reinforcement results in the extinction of previously learned behaviors.

Each of the following is true of classical and operant conditioning except ________.

In the experiment with Little Albert, the conditioned response was fear of the ________.

The law of effect is the same thing as classical conditioning.

The process in which a learned response that has been extinguished suddenly reappears on its own with no retraining is called ________.

Insight is only seen in higher animals such as primates.