Exam 2: Studying Behaviour Scientifically

Kyle could feel himself coming down with a nasty cold.His roommate,Dave,had been bragging about a new cold remedy he had discovered,guaranteeing that the remedy cured the common cold.Kyle went to Dave's room and asked him some questions about this new cure.Kyle was demonstrating critical thinking skills by asking:

Hypotheses typically specify lawful relations between certain behaviours and their causes,and tend to be broader than theories.

Dr.Lahore is a psychologist who is investigating the relation between stress and illness.In her research,she has observed that as stress increases,the occurrence of physical illness also tends to increase.The association between these two variables is an example of a:

Which of following most accurately describes the distinction between independent and dependent variables?

Experimental research contains three essential steps: manipulate one variable,measure whether this manipulation affects another variable,and:

If an experiment allows for clear causal conclusions to be drawn,it is said to have strong:

Professor Smith has developed a theory that is rather straightforward compared to the complex theory of Professor Jones.Both theories generate a number of new hypotheses from other researchers.Even though both theories predict the same phenomena well,the preferred theory is ________.

Which of the following lists the steps of the scientific process in the proper order?

With a _____________ design,each participant is exposed to all of the conditions of the independent variable.

A clinical psychologist has observed that there appears to be an association between parental anger and childhood self-esteem.In particular,parents who score higher on ratings of anger and hostility tend to have children who have lower self-esteem.If this psychologist's impressions are correct,the relation between parental anger and childhood self-esteem would be an example of a:

In a study designed to investigate the causes of stress,a psychological researcher measures stress by monitoring people's heart rate and blood pressure.In this study,the researcher has utilized which method of measuring behaviour?

A case study is considered to be which type of research method?

One of the primary techniques for reducing both the placebo effect and experimenter expectancy effects is random selection.

We can best predict the value of one variable from the value of another variable if the two variables have a correlation coefficient of:

A researcher conducting a study on the effectiveness of a new prescription medication gives the actual medication to a group of people.A second group of participants are told they are receiving the medication but instead are given an inert sugar pill.Though the drug is found to be effective for the people who actually took it,a sizeable percentage of the people given the sugar pill also improve.The improvement of this second group is most likely due to:

The ____________ refers to when participants in a study show a change in behaviour not because of the treatment they have received,but because of their expectations about that treatment.

In a negative correlation,high scores on one variable are associated with ____________ scores on the second variable.

If a finding is generalized in a cross-cultural replication,it is strong evidence for the _______ of the phenomenon.

A humanistic psychologist believes that people who don't have a clear sense of meaning in their lives are more vulnerable to depression and physical illness.This psychologist's beliefs are best viewed as an example of:

The social desirability bias exists as a limitation of which of the ways of measuring behaviour?