Exam 13: Behaviour in a Social Context

Remaining independent in the face of pressure,being consistent over time,and appearing to maintain an open mind were all factors that:

Studies with animals have found that if conditions are arranged such that an animal is continually defeated in fights with other animals of the same species,it will become more submissive.This effect is increased if the animal is _________ when it suffers its first defeat.

When we are unaware of the role that our behaviour played in shaping another person's behaviour and we then interpret the other person's behaviour as evidence that our expectation of the other person was correct all along,a __________________ is said to have occurred.

Jill has been seeing two men to whom she is very attracted.Bob is a co-worker and Jill usually has lunch with Bob two or three days a week.Steve is a traveling salesperson and he and Jill manage to get together once or twice a month.Jill is more likely to develop a more meaningful relationship with Bob according to the concept of __________.

When trying to persuade someone,which of the following strategies would be the most effective?

The belief that one's individual performance within a group is not being monitored and having a task goal that is not very meaningful or valuable to a person are two factors that are most likely to increase the chance of:

Diffusion of responsibility is most likely to inhibit helping behaviour in which stage of bystander intervention?

Robert Sternberg's triangular theory of love asserts that the three basic types of love are __________,____________,and ___________.

There is the notion that people may want to be positively judged by the company they keep and this is a possible reason why ___________ has a positive impact on attraction.

The fundamental attribution error refers to how people tend to overestimate the importance of personal factors and _______________ the importance of situational factors,when explaining other people's behaviours.

As part of an experiment,a person is asked to write an essay advocating an opinion that is opposite to her own.She is given no financial incentive to do this and after completing the essay,the experimenters find that her prior attitude has shifted towards the one advocated in the essay she just wrote.The opinions of other participants in the study who received a financial incentive ($20)for writing a counterattitudinal essay did not show similar shifts.This example best demonstrates the phenomenon called:

During a murder trial,two expert witnesses testify as to the accuracy of the DNA statistics.The two experts have conflicting opinions.James is a juror who finds the scientific evidence hard to understand,but he finds that he is more attracted to one of the experts for the defence because she is young and reminds him of his daughter.When James is persuaded by her testimony and discounts the testimony of the other expert,he is using:

Sherif demonstrated using the optical illusion known as the ____________________ effect that even randomly formed groups create norms.

Asch demonstrated that a substantial percentage of participants conformed to obviously inaccurate line judgements made by several confederates.Follow-up interviews with the participants revealed that:

A person is more likely to retaliate and act aggressively if she perceives another person's negative behaviour as being intended and controllable.

According to researcher John Gottman,four behaviours that predict poor marital outcomes are criticism,contempt,___________,and ____________.

A couple has been together for several years and they are now deciding whether to end their relationship.Based on Thibaut and Kelley's social exchange theory,one of the primary factors that will affect their decision is:

The frustration-aggression hypothesis asserted that frustration inevitably leads to aggression and all aggression is the result of frustration.Subsequent research has revealed that:

A psychologist is discussing altruism and claims that the ability to put ourselves in the place of another and to share what that person is feeling is essential for altruism to occur.This explanation is most consistent with which of the following?

The principal has just told Mrs.Snyder,a kindergarten teacher,that a new little girl will be joining her kindergarten class.The little girl is African-American and Mrs.Snyder believes that African-American children are not as bright as European-American children.Consequently,when speaking to the little girl,Mrs.Snyder speaks slower and tends not to explain answers to the little girl's questions in as much detail as she does to other children.Mrs.Snyder is showing ________________.