Exam 9: Language and Thinking

Algorithms are to ____________ as heuristics are to ___________.

Perceiving where each word within a spoken sentence begins and ends is a __________ process known as __________.

After hearing a lecture on abnormal psychology,John became convinced that he had a particular personality disorder.For the rest of the week,John focused on and remembered every aspect of his behaviour that was consistent with the symptom of the personality disorder he identified and he ignored all his other "normal" behaviours.John's behaviour is most relevant to which of the following concepts?

According to the text,a gorilla named Koko learned over _______ signs.

A mental image is a representation of a stimulus that originates from _____ your brain,rather than from _____ sensory input.

In the Tower of Hanoi problem,the importance and value of ___________ was demonstrated.

A heuristic is most strongly associated with which of the following?

Many concepts are difficult to describe in words,but we often can define them using _____________,which are typical and familiar members of a particular class.

The term for the meaning of words is __________.

A friend is trying to solve a problem and you have an idea about how to solve it.Using language,you translate your idea into words,thus effectively transferring your idea from your mind to your friend's mind.In this example,your idea is best considered as an example of a(n):

The text discusses a problem in which you have a drawer that contains 19 black socks and 13 blue socks and you are asked to determine the minimum number of socks that you must take from the drawer to ensure that you have a matching pair.Most people have difficulty determining the answer (which is three socks)because they:

A mental framework or an organized pattern of thought about some aspect of the world is broadly referred to as a:

Some neurons fire in response to a particular stimulus (such as a baseball),regardless of whether the stimulus is actually seen or only imagined.These neurons are called __________.

Eleanor Rosch (1973)studied the Dani people from New Guinea who had only two words for colour: one for bright colours and one for dark colours.Her results revealed that the Dani were capable of distinguishing the difference between _______________ colours,providing evidence that ___________ the linguistic relativity hypothesis.

Juan's parents recently immigrated to Ontario from South America and they are getting ready to send him to school where he will have to learn both English and educational content.Because Juan only speaks Spanish,research indicates that he will perform best if he is placed in a(n)____________ classroom.

That fact that language-deprived children are generally unable to acquire normal language skills when they are found past puberty is most relevant to which of the following?

To estimate how likely it is that something belongs to a given class or category,people use _____________,and to estimate how likely it is that some event will occur people use ____________________.

Before 6 months of age,infants around the world are able to perceive _______________,but at about 6 months of age they begin to discriminate _____________.

When using means-ends analysis,and intermediate steps toward a solution are formulated,we often utilize another heuristic called __________.

Kosslyn's (1978)study showing that it takes longer to scan between objects as they get farther apart on the image provides evidence for the idea that mental images are similar to perceptions because they: