Exam 7: Learning and Adaptation: the Role of Experience

Edward Thorndike's law of ____________ specifically states that a response followed by a satisfying consequence will be more likely to occur.

While conducting research on dog's salivary glands and digestion,Pavlov found that after numerous trials dogs would begin to:

Much of organisms' behaviours are influenced in subtle ways by classical conditioning.Classical conditioning can NOT influence:

Todd yells at his brother and takes his toy away.Todd's mom sees his behaviour and gives Todd a scolding.This is an example of:

The goal of exposure therapies is to expose a phobic person to the feared stimulus (CS)without the ______,so that the process of ___________ can occur.

To assist Janice to stop smoking,she has made a contract with her closest friends.If anyone catches Janice smoking,she must pay that person $5.00 on the spot.This is an example of:

Edward Tolman's research demonstrating that rats in a maze appeared to develop cognitive maps of the maze without receiving any reinforcement provided evidence most supportive of the concept of:

Which of the following correctly describes higher-order conditioning? A:

Bobby's parents are frustrated because he never cleans his room.In order to modify their son's behaviour,they start reinforcing (with 25 cents)every time he simply throws his clothes into a particular corner instead of all around the room.After some time passes,they only reinforce him if he puts his clothes in the hamper.As this process continues,Bobby's parents keep gradually changing the terms of reinforcement so that Bobby has to do more and more of the tasks required to keep his room clean.After several months of this,Bobby cleans his entire room for the same 25-cent reward.This example best demonstrates the process of:

Which of the following models asserts that the key factor in classical conditioning is not how often the CS is paired with the UCS,but how well the CS predicts the appearance of the UCS? The __________ model.

Edward Thorndike would most likely have given which of the following explanations for why cats could eventually escape his puzzle box? The cats('):

A reflexive or innate response that is elicited by a stimulus without prior learning is a(n)___________________.

According to learning theorists,insight involves the:

When Joyce N.Sprafkin and her fellow researchers (1975)investigated helping behaviour in children using Lassie and Brady Bunch television programs,they found:

Response cost punishment involves which of the following?

For a traditional behaviourist,the most troubling aspects of Tolman's latent learning research with rats was that learning was happening without any:

Research on aversion therapy has yielded mixed results,because the changes produced are often:

Attempts to condition an aversion to a stimulus that triggers unwanted behaviour by pairing it with a noxious UCS is called _____________ therapy.

How do psychologists know that the hypothalamus and neural pathways involving dopamine regulate the ability to experience reward?

When an organism learns to prevent exposure to an aversive stimulus altogether,_________________ conditioning is said to occur.