Exam 9: Language and Thinking

The rules that govern the organization of the surface structure of a language are called __________,whereas the rules that determine how symbols are connected to what they represent are called __________________.

The hypothesis that suggests that language not only influences but also determines what we are capable of thinking is called the ______________ hypothesis.

Whereas most people tend to be overconfident in the accuracy of their judgments,professionals who make predictions for a living such as military strategists and weather forecasters do not show a bias toward being overconfident.

Rich factual knowledge about life,rich procedural knowledge about life,an understanding of lifespan contexts,an awareness of the relativism of values and priorities,and the ability to recognize and manage uncertainty are all characteristics of __________.

A mental representation of the way ice cream tastes is an example of _____,whereas the expression "I wish I had some ice cream right now" is an example of _____.

A mental framework concerning a sequence of events that usually unfolds in a regular,almost standardized order is called a:

The impairment in speech comprehension and/or production as a result of damage in Broca's,Wernicke's,or both areas of the brain is called _________.

"If all birds are warm-blooded,and if all canaries are birds,then all canaries are warm-blooded." This is an example of a(n)_____,which is a(n)_____ argument.

Bilingual children perform better than monolingual children on perceptual tasks that involve ignoring some features of objects (such as colour)and selectively focusing on other features (such as shape).This difference may appear because:

According to the text,the best thing you can do to test your ideas is to attempt to _________ them,but the phenomenon known as ____________ demonstrates that people don't often do this.

In brain-imaging studies of bilinguals,is the second language represented the same way in the brain as the first language?

Inductive reasoning can never lead to a false conclusion if the premises are true.

According to the text,people at a farmer's market often mistakenly read a sign for a "Bead Store" as a sign for a "Bread Store." They thought this store was selling food items,like the other stores in the market.This example best demonstrates the effects of:

The fact that children from Asian countries frequently perform better on mathematical tests in comparison to English-speaking children is evidence in support of which of the following?

The fact that a child will generally have great difficulty learning a second language if he or she is first exposed to it after puberty is generally taken as evidence that language acquisition has a sensitive period.

The fact that both Japanese and English (although very different)share some common structural features is evidence for a _______________ perspective on language.

Researchers exploring a possible critical period for learning a second language examine "early" versus "late" second-language learners:

Which of the following statements best describes the relative contributions of biological factors and the social environment on children's language acquisition? Language acquisition:

Your knowledge of what to expect when you go to the dentist is an example of a(n)_____.

We identify differences between the present situation and the desired goal state and then make changes to reduce these differences when using ____________ to solve a problem.