Exam 8: Memory

Memory codes:

Chunking is thought to be an effective memory-enhancing technique because it _________ the total amount of information that we have to keep active in __________.

The recency effect appears to be a result of the early transfer of information into long-term memory.

Retrieval is a process of:

An organized pattern of thought about some aspect of the world,such as people,events,situations,or objects is a ____________________.

If you take a large lecture class,you probably see the same people every day in class,but you would have a difficult time recognizing all of them.Because most of these people are unimportant to you,you do not process their faces in a meaningful way.In this way,you forget their faces as a result of:

If your mother asks you what grade you received on your psychology exam,both "grade" and "psychology" would be:

Maintenance rehearsal is usually more effective than elaborative rehearsal for transferring information to long-term memory storage.

Words at the end of a list are typically remembered better than words presented in the middle.This is known as the ___________ effect and it presumably happens because the last few words on the list remain in the __________ memory.

Imagine that you have studied for an exam in a quiet environment and your physiological arousal has been low while you were studying.If on the day of the exam,you were given the test in a quiet environment and your physiological arousal remained low,the concept of state-dependent memory would predict that your recall would be __________ and the concept of context-dependent memory would predict that your recall would ___________.

The model that asserts that a node in a memory network consists of an idea,a word,or a concept is the ___________ model,whereas the model that argues that a node is physical in nature and does not contain individual units of information is called the ____________________ model.

Assume that you are presented with a list of 15 random words.Immediately after the list has been presented,you are asked to recall as many words as you can.Research has shown that you will tend to remember words presented:

Long-term potentiation refers to how a neural pathway can be strengthened and activated more easily when it is subjected to rapid bursts of electrical stimulation.

Sir Frederick Bartlett had his participants read a story called "The War of the Ghosts," a rather unique Native American tale from the 18^th century.Participants' recall of the story 20 hours later was ____________ and these results are most likely a result of ______________.

Flashbulb memories are often ____________ and research has shown that they are frequently ___________.

Last semester,Anna Maria took a sociology course,and this semester she is taking a psychology course.Unfortunately,she is having difficulty remembering some of the psychology terms because they were defined differently in her sociology course,and she gets them mixed up.Anna Maria's difficulty in learning psychology is most likely a result of:

One evening you study philosophy first and biology second,while your roommate simply studies biology.Your performance on the biology quiz could be worse as a result of ______________ interference.

This multiple choice test question would be considered an example of a test of _____________ memory.

Suppose that you are shown a list that includes the words "plate," "tree," and "glass." Several months later,you are shown many short word stems such as PL ___,TR ____ and GL ____.Even though you have essentially forgotten about the first list you saw,you are more likely to complete the word stems with PLate,TRee,and GLass than other people who were not shown the initial list.These types of memory tests are called __________ and they are used to measure __________ memory.

Your new strategy for studying seems to be working well.You first go through the text,decide which information is the most important,and then highlight it.Then you go back and try to relate the highlighted information to your own life.This strategy is probably effective because it uses ______________ rehearsal.