Question 1

The taste of food and relief from a headache are both ________ reinforcers.

Accepted Answer

A) positive 
B) negative 
C) primary 
D) conditioned 
A) positive 
B) negative 
C) primary 
D) conditioned

Question 2

Jeremy wears his baseball cap backward because he noticed that his older brother does so.This illustrates the importance of

Accepted Answer

A) latent learning. 
B) immediate reinforcement. 
C) modeling. 
D) prosocial behavior. 
A) latent learning. 
B) immediate reinforcement. 
C) modeling. 
D) prosocial behavior.

Question 3

Alex learned to babysit and care for young children effectively by observing the many ways his mother carefully nurtured his own younger siblings.This best illustrates the value of observational learning for promoting

Accepted Answer

A) fixed-interval schedules. 
B) prosocial behavior. 
C) extrinsic motivation. 
D) spontaneous recovery. 
A) fixed-interval schedules. 
B) prosocial behavior. 
C) extrinsic motivation. 
D) spontaneous recovery.

Question 4

An allergy attack triggered by the sight of plastic flowers best illustrates the process of

Accepted Answer

A) operant conditioning. 
B) observational learning. 
C) generalization. 
D) spontaneous recovery. 
A) operant conditioning. 
B) observational learning. 
C) generalization. 
D) spontaneous recovery.

Question 5

The acquisition of mental information by observing events,watching others,or through language is called

Accepted Answer

A) classical conditioning. 
B) cognitive learning. 
C) operant conditioning. 
D) shaping. 
A) classical conditioning. 
B) cognitive learning. 
C) operant conditioning. 
D) shaping.

Question 6

Voluntary behaviors that produce rewarding or punishing outcomes are called

Accepted Answer

A) respondent behaviors. 
B) associative behaviors. 
C) operant behaviors. 
D) conditioned responses. 
A) respondent behaviors. 
B) associative behaviors. 
C) operant behaviors. 
D) conditioned responses.

Question 7

A fixed-interval schedule of reinforcement is one in which a response is reinforced only after a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) unpredictable time period has elapsed. 
B) specified time period has elapsed. 
C) specified number of responses has been made. 
D) unpredictable number of responses has been made. 
A) unpredictable time period has elapsed. 
B) specified time period has elapsed. 
C) specified number of responses has been made. 
D) unpredictable number of responses has been made.

Question 8

In classical conditioning,generalization refers to the tendency for the conditioned response to be evoked by stimuli that are similar to the

Accepted Answer

A) unconditioned stimulus. 
B) respondent behavior. 
C) conditioned stimulus. 
D) unconditioned response. 
A) unconditioned stimulus. 
B) respondent behavior. 
C) conditioned stimulus. 
D) unconditioned response.

Question 9

A learned association between two stimuli is most central to

Accepted Answer

A) shaping. 
B) negative reinforcement. 
C) a fixed-interval schedule. 
D) classical conditioning. 
A) shaping. 
B) negative reinforcement. 
C) a fixed-interval schedule. 
D) classical conditioning.

Question 10

Jeremiah studies algebra every day because he is motivated to get an A grade at the end of the semester.In this case,the A grade is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) primary reinforcer. 
B) unconditioned stimulus. 
C) delayed reinforcer. 
D) negative reinforcer. 
A) primary reinforcer. 
B) unconditioned stimulus. 
C) delayed reinforcer. 
D) negative reinforcer.

Question 11

Our ability to learn by witnessing the behavior of others best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A) classical conditioning. 
B) prosocial behavior. 
C) operant conditioning. 
D) observational learning. 
A) classical conditioning. 
B) prosocial behavior. 
C) operant conditioning. 
D) observational learning.

Question 12

Every time he drinks,Boris has a painful hangover the morning after.But he continues to drink because just a single drink reduces his anxiety.Boris' continued drinking illustrates the power of

Accepted Answer

A) generalization. 
B) spontaneous recovery. 
C) extinction. 
D) immediate reinforcement. 
A) generalization. 
B) spontaneous recovery. 
C) extinction. 
D) immediate reinforcement.

Question 13

If one chimpanzee watches a second chimp solve a puzzle for a food reward,the first chimp may thereby learn how to solve the puzzle.This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A) operant conditioning. 
B) observational learning. 
C) classical conditioning. 
D) secondary reinforcement. 
A) operant conditioning. 
B) observational learning. 
C) classical conditioning. 
D) secondary reinforcement.

Question 14

Teachers who effectively shape their students' study habits are most likely to

Accepted Answer

A) avoid the use of negative reinforcement to motivate effective study. 
B) reinforce effective study with primary rather than secondary reinforcers. 
C) reinforce effective study on a fixed-interval schedule. 
D) reinforce even minor improvements in students' study skills. 
A) avoid the use of negative reinforcement to motivate effective study. 
B) reinforce effective study with primary rather than secondary reinforcers. 
C) reinforce effective study on a fixed-interval schedule. 
D) reinforce even minor improvements in students' study skills.

Question 15

Helpful and constructive actions best illustrate

Accepted Answer

A) latent learning. 
B) extrinsic motivation. 
C) respondent behavior. 
D) prosocial behavior. 
A) latent learning. 
B) extrinsic motivation. 
C) respondent behavior. 
D) prosocial behavior.

Question 16

If a shock is always preceded by a tone,and then sometimes also is preceded by a light that accompanies the tone,a rat will react

Accepted Answer

A) with no fear either to the tone or to the light. 
B) with fear to the tone but not to the light. 
C) with fear to the light but not to the tone. 
D) with equally high levels of fear both to the tone and to the light. 
A) with no fear either to the tone or to the light. 
B) with fear to the tone but not to the light. 
C) with fear to the light but not to the tone. 
D) with equally high levels of fear both to the tone and to the light.

Question 17

Asking potential partners for a date is most likely to be reinforced on a ________ schedule.

Accepted Answer

A) fixed-interval 
B) fixed-ratio 
C) variable-interval 
D) variable-ratio 
A) fixed-interval 
B) fixed-ratio 
C) variable-interval 
D) variable-ratio

Question 18

Respondent behavior is defined as a(n)________ response to some stimulus.

Accepted Answer

A) novel 
B) operant 
C) automatic 
D) generalized 
A) novel 
B) operant 
C) automatic 
D) generalized

Question 19

Peggy's use of foul language decreased because it was followed by the loss of her $5 weekly allowance.Taking away Peggy's allowance served as ________ for her foul language.

Accepted Answer

A) negative reinforcement 
B) positive punishment 
C) secondary reinforcement 
D) negative punishment 
A) negative reinforcement 
B) positive punishment 
C) secondary reinforcement 
D) negative punishment

Question 20

Individually paced instruction that provides students with immediate positive feedback following their correct responses best illustrates an application of

Accepted Answer

A) spontaneous recovery. 
B) classical conditioning. 
C) discrimination. 
D) operant conditioning. 
A) spontaneous recovery. 
B) classical conditioning. 
C) discrimination. 
D) operant conditioning.

The taste of food and relief from a headache are both ________ reinforcers.

Jeremy wears his baseball cap backward because he noticed that his older brother does so.This illustrates the importance of

Alex learned to babysit and care for young children effectively by observing the many ways his mother carefully nurtured his own younger siblings.This best illustrates the value of observational learning for promoting

An allergy attack triggered by the sight of plastic flowers best illustrates the process of

The acquisition of mental information by observing events,watching others,or through language is called

Voluntary behaviors that produce rewarding or punishing outcomes are called

A fixed-interval schedule of reinforcement is one in which a response is reinforced only after a(n)

In classical conditioning,generalization refers to the tendency for the conditioned response to be evoked by stimuli that are similar to the

A learned association between two stimuli is most central to

Jeremiah studies algebra every day because he is motivated to get an A grade at the end of the semester.In this case,the A grade is a(n)

Our ability to learn by witnessing the behavior of others best illustrates

Every time he drinks,Boris has a painful hangover the morning after.But he continues to drink because just a single drink reduces his anxiety.Boris' continued drinking illustrates the power of

If one chimpanzee watches a second chimp solve a puzzle for a food reward,the first chimp may thereby learn how to solve the puzzle.This best illustrates

Teachers who effectively shape their students' study habits are most likely to

Helpful and constructive actions best illustrate

If a shock is always preceded by a tone,and then sometimes also is preceded by a light that accompanies the tone,a rat will react

Asking potential partners for a date is most likely to be reinforced on a ________ schedule.

Respondent behavior is defined as a(n)________ response to some stimulus.

Peggy's use of foul language decreased because it was followed by the loss of her $5 weekly allowance.Taking away Peggy's allowance served as ________ for her foul language.

Individually paced instruction that provides students with immediate positive feedback following their correct responses best illustrates an application of

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Exam 6: Learning

The taste of food and relief from a headache are both ________ reinforcers.

Jeremy wears his baseball cap backward because he noticed that his older brother does so.This illustrates the importance of

Alex learned to babysit and care for young children effectively by observing the many ways his mother carefully nurtured his own younger siblings.This best illustrates the value of observational learning for promoting

An allergy attack triggered by the sight of plastic flowers best illustrates the process of

The acquisition of mental information by observing events,watching others,or through language is called

Voluntary behaviors that produce rewarding or punishing outcomes are called

A fixed-interval schedule of reinforcement is one in which a response is reinforced only after a(n)

In classical conditioning,generalization refers to the tendency for the conditioned response to be evoked by stimuli that are similar to the

A learned association between two stimuli is most central to

Jeremiah studies algebra every day because he is motivated to get an A grade at the end of the semester.In this case,the A grade is a(n)

Our ability to learn by witnessing the behavior of others best illustrates

Every time he drinks,Boris has a painful hangover the morning after.But he continues to drink because just a single drink reduces his anxiety.Boris' continued drinking illustrates the power of

If one chimpanzee watches a second chimp solve a puzzle for a food reward,the first chimp may thereby learn how to solve the puzzle.This best illustrates

Teachers who effectively shape their students' study habits are most likely to

Helpful and constructive actions best illustrate

If a shock is always preceded by a tone,and then sometimes also is preceded by a light that accompanies the tone,a rat will react

Asking potential partners for a date is most likely to be reinforced on a ________ schedule.

Respondent behavior is defined as a(n)________ response to some stimulus.

Peggy's use of foul language decreased because it was followed by the loss of her $5 weekly allowance.Taking away Peggy's allowance served as ________ for her foul language.

Individually paced instruction that provides students with immediate positive feedback following their correct responses best illustrates an application of

Psychologys Roots, Big Ideas, and Critical Thinking Tools

The Biology of Mind and Consciousness

Developing Through the Life Span

Sex, Gender, and Sexuality

Sensation and Perception

Memory

Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Stress, Health, and Human Flourishing

Social Psychology

Personality

Psychological Disorders

Therapy

Statistical Reasoning in Everyday Life

Psychology at Work

Filters