Question 1

Taking away the driver's license of a reckless teen driver is intended to serve as a

Accepted Answer

A) negative reinforcement. 
B) positive reinforcement. 
C) negative punishment. 
D) positive punishment. 
A) negative reinforcement. 
B) positive reinforcement. 
C) negative punishment. 
D) positive punishment.

Question 2

An increase in the frequency of voluntary behavior followed by reinforcement most clearly involves

Accepted Answer

A) intrinsic motivation. 
B) operant behavior. 
C) observational learning. 
D) spontaneous recovery. 
A) intrinsic motivation. 
B) operant behavior. 
C) observational learning. 
D) spontaneous recovery.

Question 3

Associative learning is best illustrated by

Accepted Answer

A) immediate gratification. 
B) unconditioned responses. 
C) positive punishment. 
D) classical and operant conditioning. 
A) immediate gratification. 
B) unconditioned responses. 
C) positive punishment. 
D) classical and operant conditioning.

Question 4

After receiving a painful shot from a female nurse in a white uniform,3-year-old Vaclav is fearful of any woman wearing a white dress.Vaclav's reaction best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A) operant behavior. 
B) generalization. 
C) an unconditioned response. 
D) spontaneous recovery. 
A) operant behavior. 
B) generalization. 
C) an unconditioned response. 
D) spontaneous recovery.

Question 5

Jacqueline is sexually aroused by the sight of her handsome boyfriend but not by the sight of her equally handsome brother.This best illustrates the value of

Accepted Answer

A) operant behavior. 
B) extinction. 
C) discrimination. 
D) spontaneous recovery. 
A) operant behavior. 
B) extinction. 
C) discrimination. 
D) spontaneous recovery.

Question 6

A child who is punished for swearing at home but not for swearing on the school playground is most likely to demonstrate a patterned habit of swearing that is indicative of

Accepted Answer

A) negative reinforcement. 
B) shaping. 
C) discrimination. 
D) extinction. 
A) negative reinforcement. 
B) shaping. 
C) discrimination. 
D) extinction.

Question 7

A fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement is one in which a response is reinforced only after a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) specified time period has elapsed. 
B) unpredictable time period has elapsed. 
C) specified number of responses have been made. 
D) unpredictable number of responses have been made. 
A) specified time period has elapsed. 
B) unpredictable time period has elapsed. 
C) specified number of responses have been made. 
D) unpredictable number of responses have been made.

Question 8

Operant conditioning involves a learned association between

Accepted Answer

A) two responses. 
B) two stimuli. 
C) two reinforcers. 
D) behaviors and their consequences. 
A) two responses. 
B) two stimuli. 
C) two reinforcers. 
D) behaviors and their consequences.

Question 9

We are especially likely to vicariously experience the reinforcing outcomes of those we perceive as

Accepted Answer

A) extrinsically motivated. 
B) antisocial models. 
C) latent learners. 
D) similar to ourselves. 
A) extrinsically motivated. 
B) antisocial models. 
C) latent learners. 
D) similar to ourselves.

Question 10

Matt regularly buckles his seat belt simply because it turns off the car's irritating warning buzzer.This best illustrates the value of

Accepted Answer

A) respondent behavior. 
B) negative reinforcement. 
C) secondary reinforcement. 
D) spontaneous recovery. 
A) respondent behavior. 
B) negative reinforcement. 
C) secondary reinforcement. 
D) spontaneous recovery.

Question 11

Administering an aversive stimulus following an operant response is

Accepted Answer

A) negative punishment. 
B) positive punishment. 
C) negative reinforcement. 
D) positive reinforcement. 
A) negative punishment. 
B) positive punishment. 
C) negative reinforcement. 
D) positive reinforcement.

Question 12

Jordan is frightened by the sound of a train whistle.The sound is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) unconditioned response. 
B) generalization. 
C) acquisition. 
D) stimulus. 
A) unconditioned response. 
B) generalization. 
C) acquisition. 
D) stimulus.

Question 13

An odor is most likely to trigger sexual arousal if presented shortly

Accepted Answer

A) after an appropriate UR. 
B) after an appropriate US. 
C) before an appropriate UR. 
D) before an appropriate US. 
A) after an appropriate UR. 
B) after an appropriate US. 
C) before an appropriate UR. 
D) before an appropriate US.

Question 14

Voluntary behaviors that become more frequent when followed by reinforcers are called

Accepted Answer

A) associative behaviors. 
B) respondent behaviors. 
C) operant behaviors. 
D) unconditioned responses. 
A) associative behaviors. 
B) respondent behaviors. 
C) operant behaviors. 
D) unconditioned responses.

Question 15

Biological constraints predispose organisms to most readily learn behaviors favored by

Accepted Answer

A) extrinsic motivation. 
B) cognitive maps. 
C) natural selection. 
D) fixed-interval reinforcement schedules. 
A) extrinsic motivation. 
B) cognitive maps. 
C) natural selection. 
D) fixed-interval reinforcement schedules.

Question 16

The idea that any perceivable neutral stimulus can serve as a conditioned stimulus was challenged by

Accepted Answer

A) Garcia and Koelling's findings on taste aversion in rats. 
B) Pavlov's findings on the conditioned salivary response. 
C) Watson and Rayner's findings on fear conditioning in infants. 
D) Bandura's findings on observational learning and aggression in children. 
A) Garcia and Koelling's findings on taste aversion in rats. 
B) Pavlov's findings on the conditioned salivary response. 
C) Watson and Rayner's findings on fear conditioning in infants. 
D) Bandura's findings on observational learning and aggression in children.

Question 17

A teenage driver who has a fender bender while texting learns to discontinue his habit of texting while driving.In this case,his fender bender is a

Accepted Answer

A) positive reinforcer. 
B) positive punishment. 
C) negative reinforcer. 
D) negative punishment. 
A) positive reinforcer. 
B) positive punishment. 
C) negative reinforcer. 
D) negative punishment.

Question 18

Operant response rates tend to be ________ when linked to a ratio schedule rather than an interval schedule.Operant response rates tend to be ________ consistent when linked to a variable schedule rather than a fixed schedule.

Accepted Answer

A) higher;less 
B) lower;more 
C) higher;more 
D) lower;less 
A) higher;less 
B) lower;more 
C) higher;more 
D) lower;less

Question 19

Any event or situation that evokes a response is a

Accepted Answer

A) reward. 
B) habit. 
C) stimulus. 
D) operant. 
A) reward. 
B) habit. 
C) stimulus. 
D) operant.

Question 20

The desire to perform a behavior to gain a reward or to avoid punishment involves

Accepted Answer

A) latent learning. 
B) extrinsic motivation. 
C) classical conditioning. 
D) a fixed-interval t schedule. 
A) latent learning. 
B) extrinsic motivation. 
C) classical conditioning. 
D) a fixed-interval t schedule.

Taking away the driver's license of a reckless teen driver is intended to serve as a

An increase in the frequency of voluntary behavior followed by reinforcement most clearly involves

Associative learning is best illustrated by

After receiving a painful shot from a female nurse in a white uniform,3-year-old Vaclav is fearful of any woman wearing a white dress.Vaclav's reaction best illustrates

Jacqueline is sexually aroused by the sight of her handsome boyfriend but not by the sight of her equally handsome brother.This best illustrates the value of

A child who is punished for swearing at home but not for swearing on the school playground is most likely to demonstrate a patterned habit of swearing that is indicative of

A fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement is one in which a response is reinforced only after a(n)

Operant conditioning involves a learned association between

We are especially likely to vicariously experience the reinforcing outcomes of those we perceive as

Matt regularly buckles his seat belt simply because it turns off the car's irritating warning buzzer.This best illustrates the value of

Administering an aversive stimulus following an operant response is

Jordan is frightened by the sound of a train whistle.The sound is a(n)

An odor is most likely to trigger sexual arousal if presented shortly

Voluntary behaviors that become more frequent when followed by reinforcers are called

Biological constraints predispose organisms to most readily learn behaviors favored by

The idea that any perceivable neutral stimulus can serve as a conditioned stimulus was challenged by

A teenage driver who has a fender bender while texting learns to discontinue his habit of texting while driving.In this case,his fender bender is a

Operant response rates tend to be when linked to a ratio schedule rather than an interval schedule.Operant response rates tend to be consistent when linked to a variable schedule rather than a fixed schedule.

Any event or situation that evokes a response is a

The desire to perform a behavior to gain a reward or to avoid punishment involves

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Exam 6: Learning

Taking away the driver's license of a reckless teen driver is intended to serve as a

An increase in the frequency of voluntary behavior followed by reinforcement most clearly involves

Associative learning is best illustrated by

After receiving a painful shot from a female nurse in a white uniform,3-year-old Vaclav is fearful of any woman wearing a white dress.Vaclav's reaction best illustrates

Jacqueline is sexually aroused by the sight of her handsome boyfriend but not by the sight of her equally handsome brother.This best illustrates the value of

A child who is punished for swearing at home but not for swearing on the school playground is most likely to demonstrate a patterned habit of swearing that is indicative of

A fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement is one in which a response is reinforced only after a(n)

Operant conditioning involves a learned association between

We are especially likely to vicariously experience the reinforcing outcomes of those we perceive as

Matt regularly buckles his seat belt simply because it turns off the car's irritating warning buzzer.This best illustrates the value of

Administering an aversive stimulus following an operant response is

Jordan is frightened by the sound of a train whistle.The sound is a(n)

An odor is most likely to trigger sexual arousal if presented shortly

Voluntary behaviors that become more frequent when followed by reinforcers are called

Biological constraints predispose organisms to most readily learn behaviors favored by

The idea that any perceivable neutral stimulus can serve as a conditioned stimulus was challenged by

A teenage driver who has a fender bender while texting learns to discontinue his habit of texting while driving.In this case,his fender bender is a

Operant response rates tend to be ________ when linked to a ratio schedule rather than an interval schedule.Operant response rates tend to be ________ consistent when linked to a variable schedule rather than a fixed schedule.

Any event or situation that evokes a response is a

The desire to perform a behavior to gain a reward or to avoid punishment involves

Psychologys Roots, Big Ideas, and Critical Thinking Tools

The Biology of Mind and Consciousness

Developing Through the Life Span

Sex, Gender, and Sexuality

Sensation and Perception

Memory

Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Stress, Health, and Human Flourishing

Social Psychology

Personality

Psychological Disorders

Therapy

Statistical Reasoning in Everyday Life

Psychology at Work

Filters

Operant response rates tend to be when linked to a ratio schedule rather than an interval schedule.Operant response rates tend to be consistent when linked to a variable schedule rather than a fixed schedule.