Exam 5: The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

Heine and Lehman (1999)compared Japanese and Canadian university students' views of their ideal and actual self.Heine and Lehman found that _______ students had a more critical view of themselves and were _______ upset that they were not measuring up to their ideals.

Joanne Wood,Shelley Taylor,and Rosemary Lichtman (1985)found that in order to feel more optimistic about their own futures,cancer patients engage in

Self-perception theory argues that when our attitudes and feelings are uncertain or ambiguous,we infer these states

Participants in a study by Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi and Thomas Figurski (1982)wore beepers for a week.When the beeper sounded at random intervals,participants wrote down what they were thinking about.Which of the following thoughts was most likely to have been recorded by their participants?

_______ theory posits that when our attitudes or feelings are ambiguous,we infer our internal states by observing our own behaviours and the situation in which they occur.

Research comparing self-esteem in Canadian versus Eastern Asian cultures finds that

Recent research by Vorauer and colleagues suggests that the assumption that others are aware of our inner states

Wilson and Ross have shown that comparing our past self with our current self is

It is Halloween,but you don't want to be running back and forth to answer the door.To avoid any "tricks," you decide to leave a large container of candy on the porch.You've just read Chapter 5 and you have a hunch about how to keep greedy trick-or-treaters from taking more than their fair share of the candy.You decide to

When athletes and academics are highly intrinsically motivated it affects attitude and behaviour by

_______ posits that we learn about our own abilities and attitudes by comparing ourselves to other people.

The authors of your text discussed a study where American and Japanese students were asked questions about their actual and their ideal selves.Participants were either in front of a mirror or not.What were the results of the study?

When asked to finish a sentence beginning "I am...," respondents from Asian countries are more likely to mention _______,because they grew up in a(n)_______ culture.

The authors of your text suggest that East Asians' self-awareness tends to be influenced less by the presence of mirrors or video cameras than Westerners because

_______ refers to the process of looking inward and examining our thoughts,feelings,and motives.

According to the textbook,self-enhancement is

Describe the differences between downward and upward social comparison.How do they influence our sense of self?

The text concludes that,in terms of self-awareness,East Asians have a(n)________ perspective whereas Westerners have a(n)________ perspective.

When there are no objective criteria to measure achievement,people often rely on _______ to evaluate how well they performed.

Which of the following ways of understanding ourselves is social?