Question 1

Which of the following people is engaging in upward social comparison?

Accepted Answer

A) Walter,who decides to exercise more after his friends tell him that he has gained weight 
B) Jermaine,who checks the distribution of scores on his final examination 
C) Daniel,who feels better when he realizes that rich people pay a lot more in taxes than he does 
D) Chet,who checks his stopwatch and vows to run faster next time 
E) Toni,who reads William Faulkner and Flannery O'Connor to assess her own writing skills 
A) Walter,who decides to exercise more after his friends tell him that he has gained weight 
B) Jermaine,who checks the distribution of scores on his final examination 
C) Daniel,who feels better when he realizes that rich people pay a lot more in taxes than he does 
D) Chet,who checks his stopwatch and vows to run faster next time 
E) Toni,who reads William Faulkner and Flannery O'Connor to assess her own writing skills

Question 2

When Linda was a child,her friends at school all earned a lot of money if their grades were good.Linda went to her parents and asked that she be given money for good report cards.Her parents agreed.She would earn a nickel for every "A" and a dollar if she earned "all A's." Her friends,of course,were offered much more money for good grades.Using the overjustification effect,explain why Linda's parents might have offered her such meager monetary rewards for academic success.

Accepted Answer

Self-perception theory posits that when

Question 3

Consider the following self-description: "It is important to me to make others happy.I work hard to cooperate with others and seldom get into arguments.My friends are more important to me than my professional success." A(n)_______ is most likely to have provided such a self-description.

Accepted Answer

A) teacher living in Berlin,Germany 
B) professor living in Regina,Saskatchewan 
C) writer living in Paris,France 
D) manager living in Cleveland,Ohio 
E) executive living in Tokyo,Japan 
A) teacher living in Berlin,Germany 
B) professor living in Regina,Saskatchewan 
C) writer living in Paris,France 
D) manager living in Cleveland,Ohio 
E) executive living in Tokyo,Japan

Question 4

Consider the following self-description: "I have blue eyes and brown hair.I have two sisters.I hate vegetables,but I love ice cream." Such a self-description was most likely provided by the typical

Accepted Answer

A) eight-year old child. 
B) adult. 
C) high school student. 
D) two-year old child. 
E) college student. 
A) eight-year old child. 
B) adult. 
C) high school student. 
D) two-year old child. 
E) college student.

Question 5

Which of the following is most likely to INCREASE intrinsic motivation?

Accepted Answer

A) internal attributions 
B) large incentives 
C) external attributions 
D) introspection 
E) self-perception processes 
A) internal attributions 
B) large incentives 
C) external attributions 
D) introspection 
E) self-perception processes

Question 6

The authors of your text described a study in which university students kept track of their moods in daily diaries.The results of this study suggest that

Accepted Answer

A) introspection is an unreliable source of data. 
B) people have a great deal of difficulty constructing plausible explanations for their moods. 
C) people can fairly accurately identify the causes of their moods. 
D) people can accurately predict how their moods will influence their behaviour. 
E) if you expect something to influence your mood,your expectation will become "self-fulfilled." 
A) introspection is an unreliable source of data. 
B) people have a great deal of difficulty constructing plausible explanations for their moods. 
C) people can fairly accurately identify the causes of their moods. 
D) people can accurately predict how their moods will influence their behaviour. 
E) if you expect something to influence your mood,your expectation will become "self-fulfilled."

Question 7

Assume that when exposed to a mirror,chimpanzees will use the mirror to aid in grooming (e.g.,to pick food from their teeth)and to entertain themselves by making faces.The chimps' behaviour before the mirror would suggest that

Accepted Answer

A) great apes have a sense of self. 
B) mammals have a sense of self. 
C) some animals engage in introspection. 
D) like humans,mammals are self-aware. 
E) many animals are curious and social. 
A) great apes have a sense of self. 
B) mammals have a sense of self. 
C) some animals engage in introspection. 
D) like humans,mammals are self-aware. 
E) many animals are curious and social.

Question 8

Many social psychologists assert that much of our sense of self arises from our interactions with our observations of others-in effect,the self is social.How does Leon Festinger's social comparison theory fit this conceptualization of self?

Accepted Answer

Social comparison theory posits that we

Question 9

Gus went golfing last week and shot a score of 85,the best score he has ever shot after years of playing.At work the next day he tells his close friend Arnie about his achievement.Arnie tells Gus that he also went golfing yesterday and shot a score of 72.According to the research on social comparison processes presented in the text,

Accepted Answer

A) Gus will be highly motivated to outperform Arnie on any task related to golf. 
B) the next time Gus and Arnie golf together,Gus will probably hit Arnie with a 5-iron the minute his back is turned. 
C) Gus will be inspired by Arnie's achievement to practice even harder and become a better player. 
D) Gus will become depressed and his motivation to practice will probably be decreased. 
E) the next time Gus and Arnie golf together Gus will say that he has been too sick to practice,so that he has a handy excuse for losing. 
A) Gus will be highly motivated to outperform Arnie on any task related to golf. 
B) the next time Gus and Arnie golf together,Gus will probably hit Arnie with a 5-iron the minute his back is turned. 
C) Gus will be inspired by Arnie's achievement to practice even harder and become a better player. 
D) Gus will become depressed and his motivation to practice will probably be decreased. 
E) the next time Gus and Arnie golf together Gus will say that he has been too sick to practice,so that he has a handy excuse for losing.

Question 10

Gordon Gallup (1977)briefly anesthetized chimpanzees and painted an odorless red dye on their heads.When they awoke and looked in the mirror,the chimps immediately reached to touch their brows and ears where the dye was.These findings suggest that chimps

Accepted Answer

A) are capable of developing a sense of self-esteem. 
B) have a complex,multifaceted sense of self. 
C) possess a self-concept much like a human. 
D) develop a sense of self-recognition comparable to that of two-year-old humans. 
E) are capable of complex thought. 
A) are capable of developing a sense of self-esteem. 
B) have a complex,multifaceted sense of self. 
C) possess a self-concept much like a human. 
D) develop a sense of self-recognition comparable to that of two-year-old humans. 
E) are capable of complex thought.

Question 11

Persistence,skill development,and willingness to deal with problems is improved when people are

Accepted Answer

A) high in intrinsic motivation for engaging in the activity. 
B) high in extrinsic motivation for engaging in the activity. 
C) recipients of task-contingent rewards. 
D) denied performance-contingent rewards. 
E) denied task-contingent rewards. 
A) high in intrinsic motivation for engaging in the activity. 
B) high in extrinsic motivation for engaging in the activity. 
C) recipients of task-contingent rewards. 
D) denied performance-contingent rewards. 
E) denied task-contingent rewards.

Question 12

_______ refers to the desire to undertake an activity because of external rewards,not because we find it interesting or enjoyable.

Accepted Answer

A) Social comparison 
B) Extrinsic motivation 
C) Intrinsic motivation 
D) Internal motivation 
E) Compliance 
A) Social comparison 
B) Extrinsic motivation 
C) Intrinsic motivation 
D) Internal motivation 
E) Compliance

Question 13

Self-discrepancy theory holds that people are motivated to

Accepted Answer

A) revise their psychological relationships with others when their self-concepts are threatened. 
B) maintain the self-esteem of others. 
C) maintain consistency among their beliefs and self-perceptions. 
D) seek out social validation when their self-concepts are threatened. 
E) seek out feedback from others that validates their self-perceptions. 
A) revise their psychological relationships with others when their self-concepts are threatened. 
B) maintain the self-esteem of others. 
C) maintain consistency among their beliefs and self-perceptions. 
D) seek out social validation when their self-concepts are threatened. 
E) seek out feedback from others that validates their self-perceptions.

Question 14

Jason and Kurt return to their residence after participating in a debating tournament.After viewing their results,Jason was disappointed in his ranking and realized he could have scored higher if he had spent more time preparing.Kurt was pleased with his results and felt that his preparation and effort paid off.Both have to complete paperwork for applications and travel subsidies due tomorrow for their next competition.According to recent research by Moskalenko and Heine on the consequences of self-awareness,what behaviour would be most probable for Jason and Kurt?

Accepted Answer

A) Jason goes to his room to meditate and Kurt goes to his room to complete his paperwork. 
B) Both Kurt and Jason are strongly motivated to relax in the T.V.lounge. 
C) Kurt goes to his room to complete the paperwork and Jason goes to the lounge to watch T.V. 
D) Both Kurt and Jason go to their rooms to complete their paperwork. 
E) Jason goes to his room to complete the paperwork and Kurt goes to the lounge to watch T.V. 
A) Jason goes to his room to meditate and Kurt goes to his room to complete his paperwork. 
B) Both Kurt and Jason are strongly motivated to relax in the T.V.lounge. 
C) Kurt goes to his room to complete the paperwork and Jason goes to the lounge to watch T.V. 
D) Both Kurt and Jason go to their rooms to complete their paperwork. 
E) Jason goes to his room to complete the paperwork and Kurt goes to the lounge to watch T.V.

Question 15

Simone runs simply because it gives her pleasure to exercise outside and to leave her daily worries behind as she works up a sweat.In this instance,Simone is _______ to run.

Accepted Answer

A) intrinsically motivated 
B) generating a reason 
C) justifying her desire 
D) extrinsically motivated 
E) causally motivated 
A) intrinsically motivated 
B) generating a reason 
C) justifying her desire 
D) extrinsically motivated 
E) causally motivated

Question 16

While completing a personality test,Craig comes to an item that asks him if he sees himself as shy and introverted.Craig reflects on some of his recent behaviour.He reasons that since he generally does not talk much in class discussions and tends to avoid large parties,he must be shy and introverted.Which of the following strategies for self-knowledge is Craig using?

Accepted Answer

A) self-presentation 
B) self-awareness 
C) self-perception 
D) self-verification 
E) self-monitoring 
A) self-presentation 
B) self-awareness 
C) self-perception 
D) self-verification 
E) self-monitoring

Question 17

Barbara replies to her therapist,"How do I see myself? Well,I'm socially anxious,insecure,relatively intelligent,and terribly shy." Barbara's response reflects her

Accepted Answer

A) self-concept. 
B) executive function. 
C) stream of consciousness. 
D) looking glass self. 
E) feelings of low self-worth. 
A) self-concept. 
B) executive function. 
C) stream of consciousness. 
D) looking glass self. 
E) feelings of low self-worth.

Question 18

The two aspects of the self that combine to create a coherent sense of identity are

Accepted Answer

A) self-concept and introspection. 
B) self-awareness and social comparison. 
C) self-awareness and introspection. 
D) self-concept and self-awareness. 
E) self-concept and social comparison. 
A) self-concept and introspection. 
B) self-awareness and social comparison. 
C) self-awareness and introspection. 
D) self-concept and self-awareness. 
E) self-concept and social comparison.

Question 19

According to social psychology research findings,when we engage in social comparison,we first compare ourselves to _______,and then to _______.

Accepted Answer

A) similar others; anyone. 
B) everyone; others who are more accomplished. 
C) anyone; similar others. 
D) similar others; others who are more accomplished. 
E) dissimilar others; everyone. 
A) similar others; anyone. 
B) everyone; others who are more accomplished. 
C) anyone; similar others. 
D) similar others; others who are more accomplished. 
E) dissimilar others; everyone.

Question 20

Daryl Bem (1972)argues that people are most likely to engage in self-perception when their feelings are _______ and they cannot make a(n)_______ attribution for their behaviour.

Accepted Answer

A) specific; internal 
B) specific; causal 
C) specific; external 
D) vague; external 
E) vague; internal 
A) specific; internal 
B) specific; causal 
C) specific; external 
D) vague; external 
E) vague; internal

Which of the following people is engaging in upward social comparison?

Consider the following self-description: "It is important to me to make others happy.I work hard to cooperate with others and seldom get into arguments.My friends are more important to me than my professional success." A(n)_______ is most likely to have provided such a self-description.

Consider the following self-description: "I have blue eyes and brown hair.I have two sisters.I hate vegetables,but I love ice cream." Such a self-description was most likely provided by the typical

Which of the following is most likely to INCREASE intrinsic motivation?

The authors of your text described a study in which university students kept track of their moods in daily diaries.The results of this study suggest that

Assume that when exposed to a mirror,chimpanzees will use the mirror to aid in grooming (e.g.,to pick food from their teeth)and to entertain themselves by making faces.The chimps' behaviour before the mirror would suggest that

Many social psychologists assert that much of our sense of self arises from our interactions with our observations of others-in effect,the self is social.How does Leon Festinger's social comparison theory fit this conceptualization of self?

Gordon Gallup (1977)briefly anesthetized chimpanzees and painted an odorless red dye on their heads.When they awoke and looked in the mirror,the chimps immediately reached to touch their brows and ears where the dye was.These findings suggest that chimps

Persistence,skill development,and willingness to deal with problems is improved when people are

_______ refers to the desire to undertake an activity because of external rewards,not because we find it interesting or enjoyable.

Self-discrepancy theory holds that people are motivated to

Simone runs simply because it gives her pleasure to exercise outside and to leave her daily worries behind as she works up a sweat.In this instance,Simone is _______ to run.

Barbara replies to her therapist,"How do I see myself? Well,I'm socially anxious,insecure,relatively intelligent,and terribly shy." Barbara's response reflects her

The two aspects of the self that combine to create a coherent sense of identity are

According to social psychology research findings,when we engage in social comparison,we first compare ourselves to _,and then to _.

Daryl Bem (1972)argues that people are most likely to engage in self-perception when their feelings are _ and they cannot make a(n)_ attribution for their behaviour.

Introduction to Social Psychology

Methodology

Social Cognition

Social Perception

Attitudes and Attitude Change

Conformity

Group Processes

Interpersonal Attraction

Prosocial Behaviour

Aggression

Prejudice

The Intersection of Social Psychology and Environmental Issues

Exploring the Concept of Stress: Factors, Correlations, and Implications for Health

Eyewitness Testimony and the Legal System

Filters

Exam 5: The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

Which of the following people is engaging in upward social comparison?

Consider the following self-description: "It is important to me to make others happy.I work hard to cooperate with others and seldom get into arguments.My friends are more important to me than my professional success." A(n)_______ is most likely to have provided such a self-description.

Consider the following self-description: "I have blue eyes and brown hair.I have two sisters.I hate vegetables,but I love ice cream." Such a self-description was most likely provided by the typical

Which of the following is most likely to INCREASE intrinsic motivation?

The authors of your text described a study in which university students kept track of their moods in daily diaries.The results of this study suggest that

Assume that when exposed to a mirror,chimpanzees will use the mirror to aid in grooming (e.g.,to pick food from their teeth)and to entertain themselves by making faces.The chimps' behaviour before the mirror would suggest that

Many social psychologists assert that much of our sense of self arises from our interactions with our observations of others-in effect,the self is social.How does Leon Festinger's social comparison theory fit this conceptualization of self?

Gordon Gallup (1977)briefly anesthetized chimpanzees and painted an odorless red dye on their heads.When they awoke and looked in the mirror,the chimps immediately reached to touch their brows and ears where the dye was.These findings suggest that chimps

Persistence,skill development,and willingness to deal with problems is improved when people are

_______ refers to the desire to undertake an activity because of external rewards,not because we find it interesting or enjoyable.

Self-discrepancy theory holds that people are motivated to

Simone runs simply because it gives her pleasure to exercise outside and to leave her daily worries behind as she works up a sweat.In this instance,Simone is _______ to run.

Barbara replies to her therapist,"How do I see myself? Well,I'm socially anxious,insecure,relatively intelligent,and terribly shy." Barbara's response reflects her

The two aspects of the self that combine to create a coherent sense of identity are

According to social psychology research findings,when we engage in social comparison,we first compare ourselves to _______,and then to _______.

Daryl Bem (1972)argues that people are most likely to engage in self-perception when their feelings are _______ and they cannot make a(n)_______ attribution for their behaviour.

Introduction to Social Psychology

Methodology

Social Cognition

Social Perception

Attitudes and Attitude Change

Conformity

Group Processes

Interpersonal Attraction

Prosocial Behaviour

Aggression

Prejudice

The Intersection of Social Psychology and Environmental Issues

Exploring the Concept of Stress: Factors, Correlations, and Implications for Health

Eyewitness Testimony and the Legal System

Filters

According to social psychology research findings,when we engage in social comparison,we first compare ourselves to _,and then to _.

Daryl Bem (1972)argues that people are most likely to engage in self-perception when their feelings are _ and they cannot make a(n)_ attribution for their behaviour.