Question 1

Our self-concept based on how we appear to others is called

Accepted Answer

A) looking-glass self. 
B) comparative self. 
C) introspected self. 
D) socially-adjusted self. 
E) projected self. 
A) looking-glass self. 
B) comparative self. 
C) introspected self. 
D) socially-adjusted self. 
E) projected self.

Question 2

Psychologists who have studied the development of self-concept over the lifespan have found that the self-concept starts out _______ and gradually becomes _______ with increasing age.

Accepted Answer

A) extremely negative; more positive 
B) concrete; more abstract and complex 
C) extremely positive; more realistic 
D) socially focused; individually focused 
E) individually focused; socially focused 
A) extremely negative; more positive 
B) concrete; more abstract and complex 
C) extremely positive; more realistic 
D) socially focused; individually focused 
E) individually focused; socially focused

Question 3

Which of the following theories posits that people will go to great lengths to confirm negative self-views?

Accepted Answer

A) self-verification theory 
B) self-completion theory 
C) self-awareness theory 
D) self-affirmation theory 
E) self-discrepancy theory 
A) self-verification theory 
B) self-completion theory 
C) self-awareness theory 
D) self-affirmation theory 
E) self-discrepancy theory

Question 4

Rosa feels depressed.Although she had hoped to graduate at the head of her class,her current GPA makes that impossible now.This example best illustrates what happens when

Accepted Answer

A) the actual self falls short when we compare ourselves with others. 
B) we possess unrealistically high self-esteem. 
C) the actual self falls short of the ideal self. 
D) we set our aspirations too high. 
E) we fall short of our goals. 
A) the actual self falls short when we compare ourselves with others. 
B) we possess unrealistically high self-esteem. 
C) the actual self falls short of the ideal self. 
D) we set our aspirations too high. 
E) we fall short of our goals.

Question 5

In a study described in the text,Baldwin and his colleagues found that graduate students rated their own work more negatively if they were first exposed to a picture of the scowling face of the program director than if they were first exposed to a picture of a smiling colleague.According to the researchers,this occurred because

Accepted Answer

A) the picture distracted the students during the rating task. 
B) the picture caused increased physiological arousal,which,in the case of the picture of the scowling program director,was labelled as fear or anxiety. 
C) the picture students were exposed to primed a certain internal audience. 
D) the picture of the scowling program director made the students more self-aware. 
E) the picture students were exposed to determined whether they engaged in either upward or downward social comparison. 
A) the picture distracted the students during the rating task. 
B) the picture caused increased physiological arousal,which,in the case of the picture of the scowling program director,was labelled as fear or anxiety. 
C) the picture students were exposed to primed a certain internal audience. 
D) the picture of the scowling program director made the students more self-aware. 
E) the picture students were exposed to determined whether they engaged in either upward or downward social comparison.

Question 6

Describe how a self-perception theorist would explain how you come to decide whether you really like your new roommate.

Accepted Answer

A self-perception theorist would first n

Question 7

You are sitting at the mall,gossiping with a friend about a mutual acquaintance.You suddenly catch sight of yourself on a security camera.According to self-awareness theory,what is likely to happen in this case?

Accepted Answer

You will become self-aware when you see

Question 8

Briefly describe the tenets of self-awareness theory and explain some cognitive and behavioural consequences of self-awareness.

Accepted Answer

Self-awareness theory posits that when w

Question 9

A parent hands her children a dollar each for helping to rake leaves and also says,"And wasn't it great,all of us pitching in together,helping each other?" By reminding her children that the task was also enjoyable,she is working to

Accepted Answer

A) avoid the overjustification effect. 
B) enhance leaf-raking performance. 
C) enhance their extrinsic motivation. 
D) undermine their intrinsic motivation. 
E) produce the overjustification effect. 
A) avoid the overjustification effect. 
B) enhance leaf-raking performance. 
C) enhance their extrinsic motivation. 
D) undermine their intrinsic motivation. 
E) produce the overjustification effect.

Question 10

Jake and Zeke are standing at the counter of the convenience store,and Jake,who has just failed his psychology exam,is animatedly telling Zeke that the exam was unfair and that his professor is unreasonable.As he takes his change,Jake sees his image on the security camera.This causes him to wonder whether he actually studied enough for the exam.Jake's self-scrutiny in this situation would be predicted by

Accepted Answer

A) self-perception theory. 
B) self-esteem theory. 
C) self-disclosure theory. 
D) self-awareness theory. 
E) self-verification theory. 
A) self-perception theory. 
B) self-esteem theory. 
C) self-disclosure theory. 
D) self-awareness theory. 
E) self-verification theory.

Question 11

Richard Nisbett and Tim Wilson (1977)had participants watch a film either with or without distracting noises in the background.Results of their experiment demonstrated that

Accepted Answer

A) participants had highly accurate perceptions about the effect of distracting noises. 
B) participants did not enjoy the film if they were distracted by background noise. 
C) background noise had a huge effect on the ratings of the film. 
D) participants were unable to concentrate on the film. 
E) participants erroneously believed that noise affected their evaluations of the film. 
A) participants had highly accurate perceptions about the effect of distracting noises. 
B) participants did not enjoy the film if they were distracted by background noise. 
C) background noise had a huge effect on the ratings of the film. 
D) participants were unable to concentrate on the film. 
E) participants erroneously believed that noise affected their evaluations of the film.

Question 12

The principal of a local elementary school plans to implement a "Reading for Cash" program,in which children would be given cash rewards for reading.Before investing in this plan,the principal asks for your assessment.Because ___________,you would probably tell her that the program would not be an effective way to increase interest in reading.

Accepted Answer

A) cash rewards tend to increase performance on a task 
B) any forms of encouragement tend to reduce intrinsic motivation 
C) external rewards tend to reduce any inherent intrinsic interest 
D) intrinsic interests tend to weaken over time regardless of incentives 
E) external rewards tend to increase any inherent intrinsic interest 
A) cash rewards tend to increase performance on a task 
B) any forms of encouragement tend to reduce intrinsic motivation 
C) external rewards tend to reduce any inherent intrinsic interest 
D) intrinsic interests tend to weaken over time regardless of incentives 
E) external rewards tend to increase any inherent intrinsic interest

Question 13

One evening after work,Barbara arrives home in a very bad mood.Noticing this,her husband,James,asks her why she seems so angry and upset.Barbara hadn't thought about her mood before James mentioned it,and now she thinks hard about what caused her to be so sullen.She decides that it was because she was hungry and tired and she tells James so.According to theories on introspection,Barbara is _______ her behaviour.

Accepted Answer

A) denying 
B) making an excuse for 
C) overjustifying 
D) attempting to discount 
E) constructing a causal theory about 
A) denying 
B) making an excuse for 
C) overjustifying 
D) attempting to discount 
E) constructing a causal theory about

Question 14

According to the tenets of self-perception theory,which of the following audience members would report that he or she really loved the taping of The Late Show with David Letterman?

Accepted Answer

A) Debra,whose friends nudged her to get her to applaud 
B) Tim,who sat right in front of the flashing "applause" sign 
C) Frank,who received free tickets 
D) Julie,who could see that Dave was looking at her 
E) André,whose hands stung from clapping so much 
A) Debra,whose friends nudged her to get her to applaud 
B) Tim,who sat right in front of the flashing "applause" sign 
C) Frank,who received free tickets 
D) Julie,who could see that Dave was looking at her 
E) André,whose hands stung from clapping so much

Question 15

Why did subjects in a study feel better about themselves when viewing their own Facebook profile rather than seeing themselves in the mirror,according to researchers Gonzales & Hancock (2011)?

Accepted Answer

A) They were unable to make upward social comparisons while on Facebook. 
B) They became less self-aware. 
C) They were less likely to be introspective. 
D) The Facebook profile presented the ideal self. 
E) The Facebook profile presented the actual self. 
A) They were unable to make upward social comparisons while on Facebook. 
B) They became less self-aware. 
C) They were less likely to be introspective. 
D) The Facebook profile presented the ideal self. 
E) The Facebook profile presented the actual self.

Question 16

Compared to being placed in front of a mirror,when Japanese students were NOT in front of a mirror they were

Accepted Answer

A) more likely to cheat. 
B) more dissatisfied with themselves. 
C) less dissatisfied with themselves. 
D) equally likely to cheat. 
E) less likely to cheat. 
A) more likely to cheat. 
B) more dissatisfied with themselves. 
C) less dissatisfied with themselves. 
D) equally likely to cheat. 
E) less likely to cheat.

Question 17

If you are a person who gives a great deal of priority to close relationships as part of your sense of self,then you probably score high on measures of

Accepted Answer

A) relational interdependence. 
B) self monitoring. 
C) collective interdependence. 
D) gender differences. 
E) self-concept clarity. 
A) relational interdependence. 
B) self monitoring. 
C) collective interdependence. 
D) gender differences. 
E) self-concept clarity.

Question 18

Whereas Americans have a proverb,"The squeaky wheel gets the grease," Japanese have a proverb that states "The nail that stands out gets pounded down." These two different proverbs mirror social-psychological research that has demonstrated that people in Asian cultures

Accepted Answer

A) do not consider social interaction important. 
B) do not hold differentiated self-concepts. 
C) are more likely to defer to authority than Americans. 
D) have a more interdependent concept of self than Americans. 
E) are more authoritarian than Americans. 
A) do not consider social interaction important. 
B) do not hold differentiated self-concepts. 
C) are more likely to defer to authority than Americans. 
D) have a more interdependent concept of self than Americans. 
E) are more authoritarian than Americans.

Question 19

You assume that Franklin is intrinsically motivated to write a course paper because

Accepted Answer

A) he seems to savour immersing himself in writing. 
B) it is a requirement to pass the course. 
C) he wants his professor to write him a letter of recommendation. 
D) it will increase his chances of making the Dean's List. 
E) it will help him get a good job. 
A) he seems to savour immersing himself in writing. 
B) it is a requirement to pass the course. 
C) he wants his professor to write him a letter of recommendation. 
D) it will increase his chances of making the Dean's List. 
E) it will help him get a good job.

Question 20

According to Tory Higgins (1987),_______ is to who we are as _______ is to who we think we should be.

Accepted Answer

A) actual self; ideal self 
B) actual self; personal self 
C) current self; ideal self 
D) actual self; ought self 
E) personal self; social self 
A) actual self; ideal self 
B) actual self; personal self 
C) current self; ideal self 
D) actual self; ought self 
E) personal self; social self

Our self-concept based on how we appear to others is called

Psychologists who have studied the development of self-concept over the lifespan have found that the self-concept starts out _ and gradually becomes _ with increasing age.

Which of the following theories posits that people will go to great lengths to confirm negative self-views?

Rosa feels depressed.Although she had hoped to graduate at the head of her class,her current GPA makes that impossible now.This example best illustrates what happens when

Describe how a self-perception theorist would explain how you come to decide whether you really like your new roommate.

You are sitting at the mall,gossiping with a friend about a mutual acquaintance.You suddenly catch sight of yourself on a security camera.According to self-awareness theory,what is likely to happen in this case?

Briefly describe the tenets of self-awareness theory and explain some cognitive and behavioural consequences of self-awareness.

A parent hands her children a dollar each for helping to rake leaves and also says,"And wasn't it great,all of us pitching in together,helping each other?" By reminding her children that the task was also enjoyable,she is working to

Richard Nisbett and Tim Wilson (1977)had participants watch a film either with or without distracting noises in the background.Results of their experiment demonstrated that

According to the tenets of self-perception theory,which of the following audience members would report that he or she really loved the taping of The Late Show with David Letterman?

Why did subjects in a study feel better about themselves when viewing their own Facebook profile rather than seeing themselves in the mirror,according to researchers Gonzales & Hancock (2011)?

Compared to being placed in front of a mirror,when Japanese students were NOT in front of a mirror they were

If you are a person who gives a great deal of priority to close relationships as part of your sense of self,then you probably score high on measures of

Whereas Americans have a proverb,"The squeaky wheel gets the grease," Japanese have a proverb that states "The nail that stands out gets pounded down." These two different proverbs mirror social-psychological research that has demonstrated that people in Asian cultures

You assume that Franklin is intrinsically motivated to write a course paper because

According to Tory Higgins (1987),_ is to who we are as _ is to who we think we should be.

Introduction to Social Psychology

Methodology

Social Cognition

Social Perception

Attitudes and Attitude Change

Conformity

Group Processes

Interpersonal Attraction

Prosocial Behaviour

Aggression

Prejudice

The Intersection of Social Psychology and Environmental Issues

Exploring the Concept of Stress: Factors, Correlations, and Implications for Health

Eyewitness Testimony and the Legal System

Filters

Exam 5: The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

Our self-concept based on how we appear to others is called

Psychologists who have studied the development of self-concept over the lifespan have found that the self-concept starts out _______ and gradually becomes _______ with increasing age.

Which of the following theories posits that people will go to great lengths to confirm negative self-views?

Rosa feels depressed.Although she had hoped to graduate at the head of her class,her current GPA makes that impossible now.This example best illustrates what happens when

Describe how a self-perception theorist would explain how you come to decide whether you really like your new roommate.

You are sitting at the mall,gossiping with a friend about a mutual acquaintance.You suddenly catch sight of yourself on a security camera.According to self-awareness theory,what is likely to happen in this case?

Briefly describe the tenets of self-awareness theory and explain some cognitive and behavioural consequences of self-awareness.

A parent hands her children a dollar each for helping to rake leaves and also says,"And wasn't it great,all of us pitching in together,helping each other?" By reminding her children that the task was also enjoyable,she is working to

Richard Nisbett and Tim Wilson (1977)had participants watch a film either with or without distracting noises in the background.Results of their experiment demonstrated that

According to the tenets of self-perception theory,which of the following audience members would report that he or she really loved the taping of The Late Show with David Letterman?

Why did subjects in a study feel better about themselves when viewing their own Facebook profile rather than seeing themselves in the mirror,according to researchers Gonzales & Hancock (2011)?

Compared to being placed in front of a mirror,when Japanese students were NOT in front of a mirror they were

If you are a person who gives a great deal of priority to close relationships as part of your sense of self,then you probably score high on measures of

Whereas Americans have a proverb,"The squeaky wheel gets the grease," Japanese have a proverb that states "The nail that stands out gets pounded down." These two different proverbs mirror social-psychological research that has demonstrated that people in Asian cultures

You assume that Franklin is intrinsically motivated to write a course paper because

According to Tory Higgins (1987),_______ is to who we are as _______ is to who we think we should be.

Introduction to Social Psychology

Methodology

Social Cognition

Social Perception

Attitudes and Attitude Change

Conformity

Group Processes

Interpersonal Attraction

Prosocial Behaviour

Aggression

Prejudice

The Intersection of Social Psychology and Environmental Issues

Exploring the Concept of Stress: Factors, Correlations, and Implications for Health

Eyewitness Testimony and the Legal System

Filters

Psychologists who have studied the development of self-concept over the lifespan have found that the self-concept starts out _ and gradually becomes _ with increasing age.

According to Tory Higgins (1987),_ is to who we are as _ is to who we think we should be.