Question 1

Upward social comparison is to _______ as downward social comparison is to _______.

Accepted Answer

A) striving; self-enhancement. 
B) self-enhancement.; striving. 
C) negative emotions; positive emotions. 
D) positive emotions; negative emotions. 
E) self-enhancement; negative emotions. 
A) striving; self-enhancement. 
B) self-enhancement.; striving. 
C) negative emotions; positive emotions. 
D) positive emotions; negative emotions. 
E) self-enhancement; negative emotions.

Question 2

_______ refers to the desire to engage in an activity because we enjoy it,not because we expect external rewards.

Accepted Answer

A) Intrinsic motivation 
B) Hedonic motivation 
C) The overjustification effect 
D) Extrinsic motivation 
E) Reward motivation 
A) Intrinsic motivation 
B) Hedonic motivation 
C) The overjustification effect 
D) Extrinsic motivation 
E) Reward motivation

Question 3

Self-enhancement among individuals from Asian cultures

Accepted Answer

A) doesn't seem to occur. 
B) happens when speaking about themselves. 
C) happens when speaking about their families but not themselves. 
D) happens when speaking about themselves and their families. 
E) happens when speaking about their themselves and only close family members. 
A) doesn't seem to occur. 
B) happens when speaking about themselves. 
C) happens when speaking about their families but not themselves. 
D) happens when speaking about themselves and their families. 
E) happens when speaking about their themselves and only close family members.

Question 4

All things considered,which of the following people would be most likely to disclose personal feelings,focus on psychological intimacy,and cooperate with a small number of close others?

Accepted Answer

A) William,who is motivated to have a realistic self-concept 
B) Jason,who wants to become a priest 
C) Brad,who just broke up with his girlfriend 
D) Toby,who recently started a new job as a computer programmer 
E) Bridgette,who grew up in Winnipeg,Manitoba 
A) William,who is motivated to have a realistic self-concept 
B) Jason,who wants to become a priest 
C) Brad,who just broke up with his girlfriend 
D) Toby,who recently started a new job as a computer programmer 
E) Bridgette,who grew up in Winnipeg,Manitoba

Question 5

Clara has always aspired to be a stage actress.During her last audition,however,she gave a miserable performance and now feels dejected.According to the tenets of self-discrepancy theory,what is Clara most likely to do?

Accepted Answer

A) She will redouble her efforts and ask for another audition. 
B) She will claim the director of the play is a moron. 
C) She will find a new drama coach so that she'll do better in the future. 
D) She will promise herself that she will practice harder for the next audition. 
E) She will move to Hollywood to pursue a film career. 
A) She will redouble her efforts and ask for another audition. 
B) She will claim the director of the play is a moron. 
C) She will find a new drama coach so that she'll do better in the future. 
D) She will promise herself that she will practice harder for the next audition. 
E) She will move to Hollywood to pursue a film career.

Question 6

Jean-Claude is feeling sad and dejected as a result of a self-discrepancy.It is likely that Jean-Claude's _______ self is discrepant with his _______ self.

Accepted Answer

A) actual; ideal 
B) true; ought 
C) actual; ought 
D) true; actual 
E) actual; true 
A) actual; ideal 
B) true; ought 
C) actual; ought 
D) true; actual 
E) actual; true

Question 7

William James' "me" is to _______ as his "I" is to _______.

Accepted Answer

A) self-esteem; self-awareness. 
B) self-awareness; self-concept. 
C) self-esteem; self-concept. 
D) self-concept; self-awareness. 
E) self-concept; self-esteem. 
A) self-esteem; self-awareness. 
B) self-awareness; self-concept. 
C) self-esteem; self-concept. 
D) self-concept; self-awareness. 
E) self-concept; self-esteem.

Question 8

Which of the following would be most likely to reach to touch a spot of red dye when seeing his or her reflection in a mirror?

Accepted Answer

A) an adult rhesus monkey 
B) an adult chimpanzee 
C) a six-month-old human infant 
D) a one-year-old human infant 
E) an infant gorilla 
A) an adult rhesus monkey 
B) an adult chimpanzee 
C) a six-month-old human infant 
D) a one-year-old human infant 
E) an infant gorilla

Question 9

Kate knows that she isn't as organized as she'd like to be.One day,Jim,a guy she's been dating for a number of months,says to her,"Wow,Kate.You always seem to have it all together.You're so organized!" What theory explains why Kate would be unhappy about Jim's statement?

Accepted Answer

A) self-evaluation maintenance theory 
B) self-affirmation theory 
C) cognitive dissonance theory 
D) self-perception theory 
E) self-verification theory 
A) self-evaluation maintenance theory 
B) self-affirmation theory 
C) cognitive dissonance theory 
D) self-perception theory 
E) self-verification theory

Question 10

According to the research by Jennifer Campbell and her colleagues,people low in self-concept clarity

Accepted Answer

A) carefully consider the variables that may be impacting how they feel. 
B) are less likely to engage in positive forms of self-focus such as reflection. 
C) attempt to make internal attributions to explain their behaviour. 
D) frequently engage in introspection. 
E) often ask their close friends about what to do. 
A) carefully consider the variables that may be impacting how they feel. 
B) are less likely to engage in positive forms of self-focus such as reflection. 
C) attempt to make internal attributions to explain their behaviour. 
D) frequently engage in introspection. 
E) often ask their close friends about what to do.

Question 11

Ken is a Chinese-Canadian graduate student who has lived in Canada for 10 years.He is given a questionnaire on aspects of the self similar to one used by Ross,Xun,and Wilson (2002).What is the most likely outcome? Ken is _______ when answering the questionnaire in Chinese and _______ when answering in English.

Accepted Answer

A) self-effacing; self-effacing 
B) self-enhancing; self-aware 
C) self-effacing; self-enhancing 
D) self-enhancing; self enhancing 
E) self-enhancing; self-effacing 
A) self-effacing; self-effacing 
B) self-enhancing; self-aware 
C) self-effacing; self-enhancing 
D) self-enhancing; self enhancing 
E) self-enhancing; self-effacing

Question 12

When we are in a state of _______,we evaluate or compare our current behaviour against our internal standards and values.

Accepted Answer

A) self-centeredness, 
B) self-awareness, 
C) distraction, 
D) self-perception, 
E) self-focus, 
A) self-centeredness, 
B) self-awareness, 
C) distraction, 
D) self-perception, 
E) self-focus,

Question 13

Participants in a study by Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi and Thomas Figurski (1982)wore beepers for a week.When the beeper sounded at random intervals,participants wrote down what they were thinking about.Participants were less likely to be thinking about _______ than about _______.

Accepted Answer

A) work; leisure time activities. 
B) themselves; work. 
C) home and chores; other people. 
D) work; other people. 
E) work; themselves. 
A) work; leisure time activities. 
B) themselves; work. 
C) home and chores; other people. 
D) work; other people. 
E) work; themselves.

Question 14

Most of us conceive of the self as an inherent part of who we are,constant,coherent,and stable.Still,social psychologists view the self as constructed over time.Briefly describe how early life experiences,culture,and gender influence this development or construction of our sense of self.

Accepted Answer

According to William James (1890),our di

Question 15

Self-perception theory argues that when our attitudes or feelings aren't clear,we often infer them by observing

Accepted Answer

A) how other people are behaving. 
B) how we feel. 
C) our own behaviour. 
D) our emotional reactions. 
E) others' reactions to us. 
A) how other people are behaving. 
B) how we feel. 
C) our own behaviour. 
D) our emotional reactions. 
E) others' reactions to us.

Question 16

According to Gabriel and Gardner's (1999)research on collective versus relational interdependence,which of the following discussions of emotional events is most likely?

Accepted Answer

A) Steve talks about the time he and his team won the provincial curling championship. 
B) Tara talks about how she and her graduating class were affected by a 6-week teachers' strike. 
C) Erin describes how she and her fellow hockey fans felt after her team's Stanley Cup win. 
D) William describes how he felt after a major car accident. 
E) Daniel talks about how he and his younger brother reacted when their 52-year-old dad died of a heart attack. 
A) Steve talks about the time he and his team won the provincial curling championship. 
B) Tara talks about how she and her graduating class were affected by a 6-week teachers' strike. 
C) Erin describes how she and her fellow hockey fans felt after her team's Stanley Cup win. 
D) William describes how he felt after a major car accident. 
E) Daniel talks about how he and his younger brother reacted when their 52-year-old dad died of a heart attack.

Question 17

Which of the following findings is explained by the "looking-glass self" theory of self-concept formation?

Accepted Answer

A) When we are unsure about our attitudes or feelings,we infer them by observing our behaviour and the situations in which they occur. 
B) Students are less likely to cheat on a test when they can see their faces in a mirror. 
C) After experiencing a failure,people in a reflective state may cheer themselves up by remembering positive events. 
D) People are less likely to steal if there is a camera focused on them. 
E) Catholic women rated themselves more negatively after reading a sexually explicit passage if they had first been exposed to a picture of the Pope. 
A) When we are unsure about our attitudes or feelings,we infer them by observing our behaviour and the situations in which they occur. 
B) Students are less likely to cheat on a test when they can see their faces in a mirror. 
C) After experiencing a failure,people in a reflective state may cheer themselves up by remembering positive events. 
D) People are less likely to steal if there is a camera focused on them. 
E) Catholic women rated themselves more negatively after reading a sexually explicit passage if they had first been exposed to a picture of the Pope.

Question 18

Intrinsic motivation is to _______ as extrinsic motivation is to _______.

Accepted Answer

A) self-perception; introspection. 
B) introspection; self-perception. 
C) overjustification; underjustification. 
D) internal attribution; external attribution. 
E) self-perception; overjustification effect. 
A) self-perception; introspection. 
B) introspection; self-perception. 
C) overjustification; underjustification. 
D) internal attribution; external attribution. 
E) self-perception; overjustification effect.

Question 19

When asked to explain our own behaviours,self-perception processes are more likely to operate when our feelings are _______ and when we _______.

Accepted Answer

A) clear; list the reasons for those feelings. 
B) clear; think about the situation in which we behaved. 
C) weak or unclear; think about the situation in which we behaved. 
D) weak or unclear; list the reasons for those feelings. 
E) clear; engage in introspection. 
A) clear; list the reasons for those feelings. 
B) clear; think about the situation in which we behaved. 
C) weak or unclear; think about the situation in which we behaved. 
D) weak or unclear; list the reasons for those feelings. 
E) clear; engage in introspection.

Question 20

According to the authors of your text,introspection is not a useful source of information about the self because people

Accepted Answer

A) are driven by unconscious self-enhancing motives. 
B) are quite accurate in understanding their own behaviours. 
C) cannot be at once the observer and the object observed. 
D) actually spend very little time thinking about themselves. 
E) know that introspection uses up valuable cognitive resources. 
A) are driven by unconscious self-enhancing motives. 
B) are quite accurate in understanding their own behaviours. 
C) cannot be at once the observer and the object observed. 
D) actually spend very little time thinking about themselves. 
E) know that introspection uses up valuable cognitive resources.

Upward social comparison is to _ as downward social comparison is to _.

_______ refers to the desire to engage in an activity because we enjoy it,not because we expect external rewards.

Self-enhancement among individuals from Asian cultures

All things considered,which of the following people would be most likely to disclose personal feelings,focus on psychological intimacy,and cooperate with a small number of close others?

Clara has always aspired to be a stage actress.During her last audition,however,she gave a miserable performance and now feels dejected.According to the tenets of self-discrepancy theory,what is Clara most likely to do?

Jean-Claude is feeling sad and dejected as a result of a self-discrepancy.It is likely that Jean-Claude's _ self is discrepant with his _ self.

William James' "me" is to _ as his "I" is to _.

Which of the following would be most likely to reach to touch a spot of red dye when seeing his or her reflection in a mirror?

Kate knows that she isn't as organized as she'd like to be.One day,Jim,a guy she's been dating for a number of months,says to her,"Wow,Kate.You always seem to have it all together.You're so organized!" What theory explains why Kate would be unhappy about Jim's statement?

According to the research by Jennifer Campbell and her colleagues,people low in self-concept clarity

Ken is a Chinese-Canadian graduate student who has lived in Canada for 10 years.He is given a questionnaire on aspects of the self similar to one used by Ross,Xun,and Wilson (2002).What is the most likely outcome? Ken is _ when answering the questionnaire in Chinese and _ when answering in English.

When we are in a state of _______,we evaluate or compare our current behaviour against our internal standards and values.

Participants in a study by Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi and Thomas Figurski (1982)wore beepers for a week.When the beeper sounded at random intervals,participants wrote down what they were thinking about.Participants were less likely to be thinking about _ than about _.

Most of us conceive of the self as an inherent part of who we are,constant,coherent,and stable.Still,social psychologists view the self as constructed over time.Briefly describe how early life experiences,culture,and gender influence this development or construction of our sense of self.

Self-perception theory argues that when our attitudes or feelings aren't clear,we often infer them by observing

According to Gabriel and Gardner's (1999)research on collective versus relational interdependence,which of the following discussions of emotional events is most likely?

Which of the following findings is explained by the "looking-glass self" theory of self-concept formation?

Intrinsic motivation is to _ as extrinsic motivation is to _.

When asked to explain our own behaviours,self-perception processes are more likely to operate when our feelings are _ and when we _.

According to the authors of your text,introspection is not a useful source of information about the self because people

Introduction to Social Psychology

Methodology

Social Cognition

Social Perception

Attitudes and Attitude Change

Conformity

Group Processes

Interpersonal Attraction

Prosocial Behaviour

Aggression

Prejudice

The Intersection of Social Psychology and Environmental Issues

Exploring the Concept of Stress: Factors, Correlations, and Implications for Health

Eyewitness Testimony and the Legal System

Filters

Exam 5: The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

Upward social comparison is to _______ as downward social comparison is to _______.

_______ refers to the desire to engage in an activity because we enjoy it,not because we expect external rewards.

Self-enhancement among individuals from Asian cultures

All things considered,which of the following people would be most likely to disclose personal feelings,focus on psychological intimacy,and cooperate with a small number of close others?

Clara has always aspired to be a stage actress.During her last audition,however,she gave a miserable performance and now feels dejected.According to the tenets of self-discrepancy theory,what is Clara most likely to do?

Jean-Claude is feeling sad and dejected as a result of a self-discrepancy.It is likely that Jean-Claude's _______ self is discrepant with his _______ self.

William James' "me" is to _______ as his "I" is to _______.

Which of the following would be most likely to reach to touch a spot of red dye when seeing his or her reflection in a mirror?

Kate knows that she isn't as organized as she'd like to be.One day,Jim,a guy she's been dating for a number of months,says to her,"Wow,Kate.You always seem to have it all together.You're so organized!" What theory explains why Kate would be unhappy about Jim's statement?

According to the research by Jennifer Campbell and her colleagues,people low in self-concept clarity

When we are in a state of _______,we evaluate or compare our current behaviour against our internal standards and values.

Participants in a study by Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi and Thomas Figurski (1982)wore beepers for a week.When the beeper sounded at random intervals,participants wrote down what they were thinking about.Participants were less likely to be thinking about _______ than about _______.

Most of us conceive of the self as an inherent part of who we are,constant,coherent,and stable.Still,social psychologists view the self as constructed over time.Briefly describe how early life experiences,culture,and gender influence this development or construction of our sense of self.

Self-perception theory argues that when our attitudes or feelings aren't clear,we often infer them by observing

According to Gabriel and Gardner's (1999)research on collective versus relational interdependence,which of the following discussions of emotional events is most likely?

Which of the following findings is explained by the "looking-glass self" theory of self-concept formation?

Intrinsic motivation is to _______ as extrinsic motivation is to _______.

When asked to explain our own behaviours,self-perception processes are more likely to operate when our feelings are _______ and when we _______.

According to the authors of your text,introspection is not a useful source of information about the self because people

Introduction to Social Psychology

Methodology

Social Cognition

Social Perception

Attitudes and Attitude Change

Conformity

Group Processes

Interpersonal Attraction

Prosocial Behaviour

Aggression

Prejudice

The Intersection of Social Psychology and Environmental Issues

Exploring the Concept of Stress: Factors, Correlations, and Implications for Health

Eyewitness Testimony and the Legal System

Filters

Upward social comparison is to _ as downward social comparison is to _.

Jean-Claude is feeling sad and dejected as a result of a self-discrepancy.It is likely that Jean-Claude's _ self is discrepant with his _ self.

William James' "me" is to _ as his "I" is to _.

Participants in a study by Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi and Thomas Figurski (1982)wore beepers for a week.When the beeper sounded at random intervals,participants wrote down what they were thinking about.Participants were less likely to be thinking about _ than about _.

Intrinsic motivation is to _ as extrinsic motivation is to _.

When asked to explain our own behaviours,self-perception processes are more likely to operate when our feelings are _ and when we _.