Question 1

Why is DNA called a "double helix"?

Accepted Answer

A)  It has two strands of nucleotides twisted around each other. 
B)  It has two strands of nucleotides,folded back and forth like an accordion. 
C)  It has helical bases,arranged together in complementary pairs. 
D)  It has four strands of nucleotides bound together with sugars. 
E)  It has two chromosomes,linked and twisted together. 
A)  It has two strands of nucleotides twisted around each other. 
B)  It has two strands of nucleotides,folded back and forth like an accordion. 
C)  It has helical bases,arranged together in complementary pairs. 
D)  It has four strands of nucleotides bound together with sugars. 
E)  It has two chromosomes,linked and twisted together.

Question 2

What is a chromosome?

Accepted Answer

A)  a large piece of DNA found within the cytoplasm of a cell 
B)  a large protein that surrounds and protects DNA 
C)  a large,tightly bound piece of DNA and protein found in the nucleus of cells 
D)  a starting material used for producing DNA in a cell 
E)  a term used to describe all the genetic material found within a person's cells 
A)  a large piece of DNA found within the cytoplasm of a cell 
B)  a large protein that surrounds and protects DNA 
C)  a large,tightly bound piece of DNA and protein found in the nucleus of cells 
D)  a starting material used for producing DNA in a cell 
E)  a term used to describe all the genetic material found within a person's cells

Question 3

What is the name of the laboratory technique used to amplify DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA replication 
B)  RNA replication 
C)  polymerase chain reaction 
D)  short tandem repetition 
E)  gel electrophoresis 
A)  DNA replication 
B)  RNA replication 
C)  polymerase chain reaction 
D)  short tandem repetition 
E)  gel electrophoresis

Question 4

If you start with one copy of a DNA fragment,how many rounds of PCR will it take to end up with a total of 32 copies?

Accepted Answer

A)  8 
B)  5 
C)  4 
D)  16 
E)  31 
A)  8 
B)  5 
C)  4 
D)  16 
E)  31

Question 5

Which of the following statements does NOT accurately describe human DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  Human DNA is a unique combination of DNA inherited from both parents. 
B)  Males receive one X chromosome from their mother. 
C)  Females receive two X chromosomes from their mother. 
D)  Humans have 22 pairs of chromosomes and two gender chromosomes. 
E)  Human DNA is located within the nucleus. 
A)  Human DNA is a unique combination of DNA inherited from both parents. 
B)  Males receive one X chromosome from their mother. 
C)  Females receive two X chromosomes from their mother. 
D)  Humans have 22 pairs of chromosomes and two gender chromosomes. 
E)  Human DNA is located within the nucleus.

Question 6

Cells in your kidneys produce different proteins and carry out different tasks than cells in your brain.How is that possible?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kidney and brain cells have completely different DNA. 
B)  Kidney and brain cells have some DNA that's the same and some that's different. 
C)  Kidney and brain cells have the same DNA but use different genes. 
D)  Kidney cells have Mom's DNA,but brain cells have Dad's DNA. 
E)  Kidney cells use only some of the genes in the DNA,but brain cells use all of the genes. 
A)  Kidney and brain cells have completely different DNA. 
B)  Kidney and brain cells have some DNA that's the same and some that's different. 
C)  Kidney and brain cells have the same DNA but use different genes. 
D)  Kidney cells have Mom's DNA,but brain cells have Dad's DNA. 
E)  Kidney cells use only some of the genes in the DNA,but brain cells use all of the genes.

Question 7

PCR stands for

Accepted Answer

A)  polymers confer reactants. 
B)  polymerase chain reaction. 
C)  polymerase cell reproduction. 
D)  potential chain reaction. 
E)  polynucleotide cycling reaction. 
A)  polymers confer reactants. 
B)  polymerase chain reaction. 
C)  polymerase cell reproduction. 
D)  potential chain reaction. 
E)  polynucleotide cycling reaction.

Question 8

STRs are

Accepted Answer

A)  single tandem repeats. 
B)  sequence tandem reactants. 
C)  single technique runs. 
D)  short tandem repeats. 
E)  several tandem repeats. 
A)  single tandem repeats. 
B)  sequence tandem reactants. 
C)  single technique runs. 
D)  short tandem repeats. 
E)  several tandem repeats.

Question 9

DNA can be found in/on

Accepted Answer

A)  a fresh blood sample. 
B)  a hair follicle. 
C)  a sperm cell. 
D)  your pencil. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  a fresh blood sample. 
B)  a hair follicle. 
C)  a sperm cell. 
D)  your pencil. 
E)  All of the above

Question 10

DNA replication occurs

Accepted Answer

A)  in the Golgi. 
B)  in the cytoplasm. 
C)  in the nucleus. 
D)  in lysosomes. 
E)  in vesicles. 
A)  in the Golgi. 
B)  in the cytoplasm. 
C)  in the nucleus. 
D)  in lysosomes. 
E)  in vesicles.

Question 11

Why is heating a first step in PCR amplification of extracted DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  The enzyme DNA polymerase works at a higher temperature. 
B)  The nucleotides bind together at high heat. 
C)  It is necessary for DNA strands to anneal to each other. 
D)  It permits hydrogen bonds between DNA strands to dissociate. 
E)  It is required for primers to bind permanently to the DNA. 
A)  The enzyme DNA polymerase works at a higher temperature. 
B)  The nucleotides bind together at high heat. 
C)  It is necessary for DNA strands to anneal to each other. 
D)  It permits hydrogen bonds between DNA strands to dissociate. 
E)  It is required for primers to bind permanently to the DNA.

Question 12

You collect cells from a patient's kidney and liver and isolate DNA from each sample separately.You use that DNA to obtain a genetic fingerprint for liver versus kidney.What do you expect to see?

Accepted Answer

A)  STR profiles will be completely different because liver and kidney have completely different functions,and thus completely different genes. 
B)  STR profiles will be related,but not identical,because different cell types have different numbers of STRs. 
C)  STR profiles will be identical because all cells belonging to an individual have the same DNA and the same genes. 
D)  STR profiles may be identical or completely different because half of a person's DNA comes from Mom and the other half comes from Dad. 
E)  Any of the above may be true. 
A)  STR profiles will be completely different because liver and kidney have completely different functions,and thus completely different genes. 
B)  STR profiles will be related,but not identical,because different cell types have different numbers of STRs. 
C)  STR profiles will be identical because all cells belonging to an individual have the same DNA and the same genes. 
D)  STR profiles may be identical or completely different because half of a person's DNA comes from Mom and the other half comes from Dad. 
E)  Any of the above may be true.

Question 13

You have a segment of DNA with a nucleotide sequence reading AATAGC on one strand.Which of the following nucleotide sequences would match it on the opposite strand?

Accepted Answer

A)  AATAGC 
B)  CCGCTA 
C)  GGCGAT 
D)  TTATCG 
E)  AAGACG 
A)  AATAGC 
B)  CCGCTA 
C)  GGCGAT 
D)  TTATCG 
E)  AAGACG

Question 14

Bases holding two single strands of DNA together into a double strand of DNA interact through ___________ bonds.

Accepted Answer

A)  covalent 
B)  hydrogen 
C)  ionic 
D)  chemical 
E)  carbon 
A)  covalent 
B)  hydrogen 
C)  ionic 
D)  chemical 
E)  carbon

Question 15

DNA polymerase is an enzyme that

Accepted Answer

A)  breaks DNA down into fragments. 
B)  deletes specific regions of DNA. 
C)  makes copies of DNA. 
D)  tightly winds DNA into chromosomes. 
E)  removes sugars from nucleotides to link them together. 
A)  breaks DNA down into fragments. 
B)  deletes specific regions of DNA. 
C)  makes copies of DNA. 
D)  tightly winds DNA into chromosomes. 
E)  removes sugars from nucleotides to link them together.

Question 16

DNA replication is said to be semiconservative because a newly replicated,double-stranded DNA molecule consists of

Accepted Answer

A)  two old strands. 
B)  two new strands. 
C)  one old strand and one new strand. 
D)  two strands,each with a mixture of old and new DNA. 
E)  any of the answers are correct,depending on the cell type 
A)  two old strands. 
B)  two new strands. 
C)  one old strand and one new strand. 
D)  two strands,each with a mixture of old and new DNA. 
E)  any of the answers are correct,depending on the cell type

Question 17

STRs are

Accepted Answer

A)  pieces of DNA of the same length scattered throughout the genome. 
B)  repeated different numbers of times in different individuals. 
C)  DNA sequences inherited from only one parent. 
D)  identical on both members of a chromosome pair. 
E)  always identical in fraternal twins. 
A)  pieces of DNA of the same length scattered throughout the genome. 
B)  repeated different numbers of times in different individuals. 
C)  DNA sequences inherited from only one parent. 
D)  identical on both members of a chromosome pair. 
E)  always identical in fraternal twins.

Question 18

If you start with one copy of a DNA fragment,how many rounds of PCR amplification will it take to end up with a total of 16 copies?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  4 
C)  7 
D)  10 
E)  15 
A)  1 
B)  4 
C)  7 
D)  10 
E)  15

Question 19

How many STR patterns are generally analyzed to create a profile?

Accepted Answer

A)  9 
B)  11 
C)  12 
D)  15 
E)  17 
A)  9 
B)  11 
C)  12 
D)  15 
E)  17

Question 20

Each chromosome contains _____

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA only. 
B)  proteins only. 
C)  DNA and proteins. 
D)  the same number of genes and STRs. 
E)  the entire genome of a cell. 
A)  DNA only. 
B)  proteins only. 
C)  DNA and proteins. 
D)  the same number of genes and STRs. 
E)  the entire genome of a cell.

Exam 7: DNA Structure and Replication

Why is DNA called a "double helix"?

What is a chromosome?

What is the name of the laboratory technique used to amplify DNA?

If you start with one copy of a DNA fragment,how many rounds of PCR will it take to end up with a total of 32 copies?

Which of the following statements does NOT accurately describe human DNA?

Cells in your kidneys produce different proteins and carry out different tasks than cells in your brain.How is that possible?

PCR stands for

STRs are

DNA can be found in/on

DNA replication occurs

Why is heating a first step in PCR amplification of extracted DNA?

You collect cells from a patient's kidney and liver and isolate DNA from each sample separately.You use that DNA to obtain a genetic fingerprint for liver versus kidney.What do you expect to see?

You have a segment of DNA with a nucleotide sequence reading AATAGC on one strand.Which of the following nucleotide sequences would match it on the opposite strand?

Bases holding two single strands of DNA together into a double strand of DNA interact through ___________ bonds.

DNA polymerase is an enzyme that

DNA replication is said to be semiconservative because a newly replicated,double-stranded DNA molecule consists of

STRs are

If you start with one copy of a DNA fragment,how many rounds of PCR amplification will it take to end up with a total of 16 copies?

How many STR patterns are generally analyzed to create a profile?

Each chromosome contains _____

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