Question 1

Why do plants that grow in windows grow at an angle unless rotated?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cells on the sunny side of the stem lose more water than those on the dark side,making the plant bend. 
B)  Cells on the stem's darker side stretch out as auxin collects there,causing the stem to bend. 
C)  Rising levels of auxin on the stem's sunny side cause cells to shrink,tilting the stem toward the light. 
D)  Auxin collects on the sunny side and gibberellin on the dark side of the stem,making the stem grow unevenly. 
E)  Gibberellin builds up on the dark side of the stem,prompting cell division,which elongates the dark side. 
A)  Cells on the sunny side of the stem lose more water than those on the dark side,making the plant bend. 
B)  Cells on the stem's darker side stretch out as auxin collects there,causing the stem to bend. 
C)  Rising levels of auxin on the stem's sunny side cause cells to shrink,tilting the stem toward the light. 
D)  Auxin collects on the sunny side and gibberellin on the dark side of the stem,making the stem grow unevenly. 
E)  Gibberellin builds up on the dark side of the stem,prompting cell division,which elongates the dark side. B

Question 2

How is DNA stored in eukaryotic cells? Select the TWO answers that are correct.

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA is sequestered in the nucleus apart from the metabolic activity of the cytoplasm. 
B)  DNA is stored as multiple double-stranded molecules formed into chromosomes. 
C)  DNA is stored as chromosomes consisting of a single DNA molecule and no protein molecules. 
D)  DNA is a linear molecule wrapped around proteins and condensed into chromosomes. 
E)  DNA is a circular molecule that is free-floating in the cytoplasm of the cell. 
A)  DNA is sequestered in the nucleus apart from the metabolic activity of the cytoplasm. 
B)  DNA is stored as multiple double-stranded molecules formed into chromosomes. 
C)  DNA is stored as chromosomes consisting of a single DNA molecule and no protein molecules. 
D)  DNA is a linear molecule wrapped around proteins and condensed into chromosomes. 
E)  DNA is a circular molecule that is free-floating in the cytoplasm of the cell. A,D

Question 3

What characteristics make a particular molecule organic? Select the TWO answers that are correct.

Accepted Answer

A)  a carbon-oxygen bond 
B)  presence of carbon 
C)  a carbon backbone 
D)  a carbon-nitrogen bond 
E)  a carbon-hydrogen bond 
A)  a carbon-oxygen bond 
B)  presence of carbon 
C)  a carbon backbone 
D)  a carbon-nitrogen bond 
E)  a carbon-hydrogen bond C,E

Question 4

Assume a phenotype is determined by one gene with a dominant allele and a recessive allele.If one parent is heterozygous and the other parent is homozygous dominant,what is the probability of producing a homozygous recessive offspring?

Accepted Answer

A)  0% 
B)  100% 
C)  25% 
D)  75% 
E)  50% 
A)  0% 
B)  100% 
C)  25% 
D)  75% 
E)  50%

Question 5

Select the asexual means of plant reproduction.

Accepted Answer

A)  germination 
B)  insect pollination 
C)  wind pollination 
D)  runners 
E)  seed dispersal 
A)  germination 
B)  insect pollination 
C)  wind pollination 
D)  runners 
E)  seed dispersal

Question 6

Why is gene transfer among bacteria significant to human health?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gene transfer among bacteria that occurs on or in the human body can result in harmful bacterial DNA being taken up by human cells. 
B)  Bacteria that participate in gene transfer are much more likely to invade the tissues of other species,including humans,and cause disease. 
C)  A disease-causing gene can be transferred from a bacterial species into the human gene pool to be passed down through coming generations. 
D)  Gene transfer among bacteria can lead to uncontrolled growth such that disinfecting surfaces in public spaces is difficult to impossible. 
E)  A gene carrying antibiotic resistance can be transferred among bacteria,decreasing the likelihood that the antibiotic is effective in treating certain diseases. 
A)  Gene transfer among bacteria that occurs on or in the human body can result in harmful bacterial DNA being taken up by human cells. 
B)  Bacteria that participate in gene transfer are much more likely to invade the tissues of other species,including humans,and cause disease. 
C)  A disease-causing gene can be transferred from a bacterial species into the human gene pool to be passed down through coming generations. 
D)  Gene transfer among bacteria can lead to uncontrolled growth such that disinfecting surfaces in public spaces is difficult to impossible. 
E)  A gene carrying antibiotic resistance can be transferred among bacteria,decreasing the likelihood that the antibiotic is effective in treating certain diseases.

Question 7

Human activities such as deforestation increase the rate of climate change.Given the basic principles of the carbon cycle,which of the following is one explanation for why deforestation impacts global warming?

Accepted Answer

A)  Slash-and-burn practices commonly used in deforestation decrease the amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere. 
B)  Through photosynthesis,land plants remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere,thus large-scale removal of trees from the environment increases the greenhouse effect. 
C)  Trees are a fossil fuel like natural gas and coal,thus burning trees decreases the amount of greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere. 
D)  Removal of trees exposes large areas of land to sunlight,which results in an overall increase in Earth's surface temperature. 
E)  The removal of forests decreases the amount of carbon dioxide released during cell respiration by these plants,thus reducing the greenhouse effect. 
A)  Slash-and-burn practices commonly used in deforestation decrease the amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere. 
B)  Through photosynthesis,land plants remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere,thus large-scale removal of trees from the environment increases the greenhouse effect. 
C)  Trees are a fossil fuel like natural gas and coal,thus burning trees decreases the amount of greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere. 
D)  Removal of trees exposes large areas of land to sunlight,which results in an overall increase in Earth's surface temperature. 
E)  The removal of forests decreases the amount of carbon dioxide released during cell respiration by these plants,thus reducing the greenhouse effect.

Question 8

What causes nondisjunction during meiosis II?

Accepted Answer

A)  homologous chromosomes fail to separate 
B)  chromosomes fail to replicate 
C)  sister chromatids fail to separate 
D)  sister chromatids fail to recombine 
E)  chromosomes undergo unequal crossing over 
A)  homologous chromosomes fail to separate 
B)  chromosomes fail to replicate 
C)  sister chromatids fail to separate 
D)  sister chromatids fail to recombine 
E)  chromosomes undergo unequal crossing over

Question 9

How do doctors test for the presence of a BRCA1 mutation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ovarian tissue is biopsied and tested for the presence of the mutation in the cells. 
B)  A DNA sample is extracted from epithelial cheek cells in the saliva for genetic testing. 
C)  A blood sample is tested for the presence of a protein particular to the mutation. 
D)  A DNA sample is extracted from the nuclei of white blood cells for genetic testing. 
E)  Breast tissue is biopsied and tested for the presence of a protein on the cell surface. 
A)  Ovarian tissue is biopsied and tested for the presence of the mutation in the cells. 
B)  A DNA sample is extracted from epithelial cheek cells in the saliva for genetic testing. 
C)  A blood sample is tested for the presence of a protein particular to the mutation. 
D)  A DNA sample is extracted from the nuclei of white blood cells for genetic testing. 
E)  Breast tissue is biopsied and tested for the presence of a protein on the cell surface.

Question 10

Why do leaves change color in the fall?

Accepted Answer

A)  The green chlorophyll that was masking the colors of the other pigments breaks down. 
B)  By fall,plants have used up all the green chlorophyll that was stored in their roots. 
C)  Plants replace green chlorophyll with pigments that gather all wavelengths of light. 
D)  The leaves produce bright-colored pigments to attract animals to their ripe fruit and seeds. 
E)  Red and yellow pigments are needed to prevent the leaves from freezing in cold weather. 
A)  The green chlorophyll that was masking the colors of the other pigments breaks down. 
B)  By fall,plants have used up all the green chlorophyll that was stored in their roots. 
C)  Plants replace green chlorophyll with pigments that gather all wavelengths of light. 
D)  The leaves produce bright-colored pigments to attract animals to their ripe fruit and seeds. 
E)  Red and yellow pigments are needed to prevent the leaves from freezing in cold weather.

Question 11

Signals transmitted down an axon are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  chemical 
B)  electrical 
C)  neutral 
D)  magnetic 
E)  thermal 
A)  chemical 
B)  electrical 
C)  neutral 
D)  magnetic 
E)  thermal

Question 12

Select the statement that correctly describes why human populations that moved north out of Africa developed lighter skin.

Accepted Answer

A)  Lighter skin allows for more efficient folate production in the low-level UV light of the north,and vitamin D production is also increased in the low levels of UV light. 
B)  The low-level UV light of the north is absorbed more efficiently by lighter skin,preventing overproduction of vitamin D and allowing folate to be produced at sufficient levels. 
C)  Lighter skin allows absorption of the high-level UV light of the north for sufficient vitamin D production,and folate production,in turn,is enhanced in the presence of vitamin D. 
D)  Lighter skin protects humans from the high-level UV light of the north such that both vitamin D production is sufficient and folate levels are protected for normal cell function. 
E)  In the low-level UV light of the north,vitamin D production is insufficient with darker skin,and folate is not destroyed by the low levels of UV light,even with lighter skin. 
A)  Lighter skin allows for more efficient folate production in the low-level UV light of the north,and vitamin D production is also increased in the low levels of UV light. 
B)  The low-level UV light of the north is absorbed more efficiently by lighter skin,preventing overproduction of vitamin D and allowing folate to be produced at sufficient levels. 
C)  Lighter skin allows absorption of the high-level UV light of the north for sufficient vitamin D production,and folate production,in turn,is enhanced in the presence of vitamin D. 
D)  Lighter skin protects humans from the high-level UV light of the north such that both vitamin D production is sufficient and folate levels are protected for normal cell function. 
E)  In the low-level UV light of the north,vitamin D production is insufficient with darker skin,and folate is not destroyed by the low levels of UV light,even with lighter skin.

Question 13

For the scenario in animation 11.9,what is the probability that an offspring will not have the disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  1/16 
B)  0 
C)  12/16 
D)  8/16 
E)  4/16 
A)  1/16 
B)  0 
C)  12/16 
D)  8/16 
E)  4/16

Question 14

How do RNA and DNA molecules differ? Select the TWO answers that are correct.

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA is single-stranded,whereas DNA is double-stranded. 
B)  Uracil is used in RNA,whereas thymine is used in DNA. 
C)  RNA has one fatty acid chain,whereas DNA has two of them. 
D)  Adenine is used in RNA,whereas cytosine is used in DNA. 
E)  RNA contains sugars in its backbone,whereas DNA does not. 
A)  RNA is single-stranded,whereas DNA is double-stranded. 
B)  Uracil is used in RNA,whereas thymine is used in DNA. 
C)  RNA has one fatty acid chain,whereas DNA has two of them. 
D)  Adenine is used in RNA,whereas cytosine is used in DNA. 
E)  RNA contains sugars in its backbone,whereas DNA does not.

Question 15

What are the drawbacks of using fossil fuels for energy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fossil fuels are rare and difficult to find. 
B)  Fossil fuels require millions of years to form. 
C)  Retrieving fossil fuels disrupts and damages habitats. 
D)  Fossil fuels are relatively expensive. 
E)  Burning fossil fuels releases pollutants and greenhouse gases. 
A)  Fossil fuels are rare and difficult to find. 
B)  Fossil fuels require millions of years to form. 
C)  Retrieving fossil fuels disrupts and damages habitats. 
D)  Fossil fuels are relatively expensive. 
E)  Burning fossil fuels releases pollutants and greenhouse gases.

Question 16

How are eukaryotic cells different from prokaryotic cells? Select the TWO answers that are correct.

Accepted Answer

A)  Eukaryotic cells have organelles,whereas prokaryotic cells do not. 
B)  Prokaryotic cells are generally smaller than eukaryotic cells. 
C)  Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus,whereas eukaryotic cells do not. 
D)  Eukaryotic cells have ribosomes,whereas prokaryotic cells do not. 
E)  Prokaryotic cells use RNA,whereas eukaryotic cells use DNA. 
A)  Eukaryotic cells have organelles,whereas prokaryotic cells do not. 
B)  Prokaryotic cells are generally smaller than eukaryotic cells. 
C)  Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus,whereas eukaryotic cells do not. 
D)  Eukaryotic cells have ribosomes,whereas prokaryotic cells do not. 
E)  Prokaryotic cells use RNA,whereas eukaryotic cells use DNA.

Question 17

What is the p53 gene and how can its mutation cause cancer?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a tumor suppressor gene that normally promotes apoptosis,and which causes cancer when it fails to induce apoptosis in rapidly dividing cells. 
B)  It is a proto-oncogene that normally promotes onset of cell division,and which causes cancer when it cannot turn off and always promotes cell division. 
C)  It is a tumor suppressor gene that normally promotes DNA synthesis,and which causes cancer when it fails to identify damaged or mutated DNA. 
D)  It is a proto-oncogene that normally promotes apoptosis,and which causes cancer when it induces apoptosis in healthy cells but not in irregularly dividing cells. 
E)  It is a tumor suppressor gene that normally promotes onset of cell division,and which causes cancer when it fails to properly regulate cell division. 
A)  It is a tumor suppressor gene that normally promotes apoptosis,and which causes cancer when it fails to induce apoptosis in rapidly dividing cells. 
B)  It is a proto-oncogene that normally promotes onset of cell division,and which causes cancer when it cannot turn off and always promotes cell division. 
C)  It is a tumor suppressor gene that normally promotes DNA synthesis,and which causes cancer when it fails to identify damaged or mutated DNA. 
D)  It is a proto-oncogene that normally promotes apoptosis,and which causes cancer when it induces apoptosis in healthy cells but not in irregularly dividing cells. 
E)  It is a tumor suppressor gene that normally promotes onset of cell division,and which causes cancer when it fails to properly regulate cell division.

Question 18

Why might Haitians have smaller ecological footprints than Americans? Select the TWO answers that are correct.

Accepted Answer

A)  Haitians make fewer purchases than Americans. 
B)  Haitians eat more meat than Americans. 
C)  Haitians burn less fuel than Americans. 
D)  Haitians consume more than Americans. 
E)  Haitians take more vacations than Americans. 
A)  Haitians make fewer purchases than Americans. 
B)  Haitians eat more meat than Americans. 
C)  Haitians burn less fuel than Americans. 
D)  Haitians consume more than Americans. 
E)  Haitians take more vacations than Americans.

Question 19

Which statements describe cofactors and coenzymes? Select the TWO answers that are correct.

Accepted Answer

A)  Cofactors are made of protein,whereas coenzymes are any other macromolecule. 
B)  Cofactors and coenzymes both facilitate the binding of enzymes to substrates. 
C)  Cofactors can be organic or inorganic molecules,whereas coenzymes are only organic. 
D)  Cofactors and coenzymes both facilitate binding of enzymes to active sites. 
E)  Cofactors must work with enzymes,whereas coenzymes can work independently. 
A)  Cofactors are made of protein,whereas coenzymes are any other macromolecule. 
B)  Cofactors and coenzymes both facilitate the binding of enzymes to substrates. 
C)  Cofactors can be organic or inorganic molecules,whereas coenzymes are only organic. 
D)  Cofactors and coenzymes both facilitate binding of enzymes to active sites. 
E)  Cofactors must work with enzymes,whereas coenzymes can work independently.

Question 20

Select statements that describe the relationship between farming Bt corn and insecticide use.Select the TWO statements that are correct.

Accepted Answer

A)  Insecticide use will continue to decrease unabated for the foreseeable future. 
B)  Insecticide use may rise in the future if insect populations develop Bt resistance. 
C)  Insecticide use has decreased as the planting of Bt corn seed has spread. 
D)  Insecticide use has increased on farms that did not plant Bt-treated corn seed. 
E)  Insecticide use has increased on farms that planted Bt corn seed. 
A)  Insecticide use will continue to decrease unabated for the foreseeable future. 
B)  Insecticide use may rise in the future if insect populations develop Bt resistance. 
C)  Insecticide use has decreased as the planting of Bt corn seed has spread. 
D)  Insecticide use has increased on farms that did not plant Bt-treated corn seed. 
E)  Insecticide use has increased on farms that planted Bt corn seed.

Exam 33: A Range of Biology

Why do plants that grow in windows grow at an angle unless rotated?

How is DNA stored in eukaryotic cells? Select the TWO answers that are correct.

What characteristics make a particular molecule organic? Select the TWO answers that are correct.

Assume a phenotype is determined by one gene with a dominant allele and a recessive allele.If one parent is heterozygous and the other parent is homozygous dominant,what is the probability of producing a homozygous recessive offspring?

Select the asexual means of plant reproduction.

Why is gene transfer among bacteria significant to human health?

Human activities such as deforestation increase the rate of climate change.Given the basic principles of the carbon cycle,which of the following is one explanation for why deforestation impacts global warming?

What causes nondisjunction during meiosis II?

How do doctors test for the presence of a BRCA1 mutation?

Why do leaves change color in the fall?

Signals transmitted down an axon are ________.

Select the statement that correctly describes why human populations that moved north out of Africa developed lighter skin.

For the scenario in animation 11.9,what is the probability that an offspring will not have the disease?

How do RNA and DNA molecules differ? Select the TWO answers that are correct.

What are the drawbacks of using fossil fuels for energy?

How are eukaryotic cells different from prokaryotic cells? Select the TWO answers that are correct.

What is the p53 gene and how can its mutation cause cancer?

Why might Haitians have smaller ecological footprints than Americans? Select the TWO answers that are correct.

Which statements describe cofactors and coenzymes? Select the TWO answers that are correct.

Select statements that describe the relationship between farming Bt corn and insecticide use.Select the TWO statements that are correct.

Process of Science

Chemistry of Life

Cell Structure and Function

Nutrition, Enzymes, Metabolism

Energy and Photosynthesis

Dietary Energy and Cellular Respiration

Genes to Proteins

DNA Structure and Replication

Cell Cycle and Cell Differentiation

Mutations and Cancer

Simple Inheritance and Meiosis

Complex Inheritance

Natural Selection and Adaptation

Nonadaptive Evolution and Speciation

Evidence for Evolution

Life on Earth

Prokaryotic Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Human Evolution

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystem Ecology

Sustainability

Plant Growth and Reproduction

Plant Physiology

Overview of Physiology

Digestive System

Cardiovascular System

Respiratory System

Central Nervous System

Reproductive System

Immune System

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