Question 1

Images of what the future self may look like are referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A) self-presentations. 
B) self-projections. 
C) imagined ideals. 
D) possible selves. 
A) self-presentations. 
B) self-projections. 
C) imagined ideals. 
D) possible selves.

Question 2

The belief that others are paying more attention to one's appearance and behavior than they actually are is referred to as the _____ effect.

Accepted Answer

A) spotlight 
B) audience 
C) transparency 
D) self-verification 
A) spotlight 
B) audience 
C) transparency 
D) self-verification

Question 3

In a typical game of what Williams and colleagues called cyberball,participants:

Accepted Answer

A) begin playing an electronic game of "catch" with two avatars,and the avatars gradually increase the extent to which they include the participant. 
B) begin playing an electronic game of "catch" with two avatars,and the avatars eventually stop including the participant in the game. 
C) engage in a dialogue with a computerized avatar that they believe is a participant in another room on a different computer. 
D) engage in a dialogue with a participant in another room,whom they believe to be only a computerized avatar. 
A) begin playing an electronic game of "catch" with two avatars,and the avatars gradually increase the extent to which they include the participant. 
B) begin playing an electronic game of "catch" with two avatars,and the avatars eventually stop including the participant in the game. 
C) engage in a dialogue with a computerized avatar that they believe is a participant in another room on a different computer. 
D) engage in a dialogue with a participant in another room,whom they believe to be only a computerized avatar.

Question 4

All of the following are factors affecting the magnitude of dissonance EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) the extent to which the action is reversible 
B) a person's level of self-esteem 
C) the amount of external justification a person has for a behavior 
D) the extent to which aversive consequences can be foreseen 
A) the extent to which the action is reversible 
B) a person's level of self-esteem 
C) the amount of external justification a person has for a behavior 
D) the extent to which aversive consequences can be foreseen

Question 5

Uri has always believed that cheating is wrong.After he cheats on a biology quiz,his attitude becomes much less critical.The _____ theory best accounts for his attitudinal shift.

Accepted Answer

A) cognitive dissonance 
B) self-presentation 
C) self-perception 
D) self-affirmation 
A) cognitive dissonance 
B) self-presentation 
C) self-perception 
D) self-affirmation

Question 6

In the induced hypocrisy paradigm,participants:

Accepted Answer

A) advocate an opinion they already believe in,and then are reminded of a time when their actions contradicted that opinion. 
B) are assigned tasks of varying unpleasantness in order to gain entrance to a group,and their opinions about the group are assessed. 
C) are made to feel that they have freely chosen to undertake a counterattitudinal behavior. 
D) are given the smallest external justification necessary to prevent them from engaging in an undesirable behavior. 
A) advocate an opinion they already believe in,and then are reminded of a time when their actions contradicted that opinion. 
B) are assigned tasks of varying unpleasantness in order to gain entrance to a group,and their opinions about the group are assessed. 
C) are made to feel that they have freely chosen to undertake a counterattitudinal behavior. 
D) are given the smallest external justification necessary to prevent them from engaging in an undesirable behavior.

Question 7

_____ occurs when people attribute their action to an external incentive,and their intrinsic motivation and enjoyment of the task are consequently diminished.

Accepted Answer

A) The spotlight effect 
B) The overjustification effect 
C) The locus of control 
D) Minimal deterrence 
A) The spotlight effect 
B) The overjustification effect 
C) The locus of control 
D) Minimal deterrence

Question 8

Extrinsic motivation refers to _____,while intrinsic motivation refers to _____.

Accepted Answer

A) self-esteem;self-presentation 
B) self-presentation;self-esteem 
C) feeling that one's actions are controlled by external forces;feeling that one's actions reflect one's authentic desires 
D) feeling that one's actions reflect one's authentic desires;feeling that one's actions are controlled by external forces 
A) self-esteem;self-presentation 
B) self-presentation;self-esteem 
C) feeling that one's actions are controlled by external forces;feeling that one's actions reflect one's authentic desires 
D) feeling that one's actions reflect one's authentic desires;feeling that one's actions are controlled by external forces

Question 9

In a study,participants who received positive personality feedback before watching a disturbingly graphic video did not react to the video with anxiety.What theory of self-esteem motivation does this finding support?

Accepted Answer

A) anxiety-buffer 
B) sociometer 
C) status-maximizing 
D) cognitive dissonance 
A) anxiety-buffer 
B) sociometer 
C) status-maximizing 
D) cognitive dissonance

Question 10

People high in self-concept clarity are _____ others' feedback,while those low in self-concept clarity are _____ others' feedback.

Accepted Answer

A) less sensitive to;more sensitive to 
B) more sensitive to;less sensitive to 
C) less likely to encounter;more likely to encounter 
D) more likely to encounter;less likely to encounter 
A) less sensitive to;more sensitive to 
B) more sensitive to;less sensitive to 
C) less likely to encounter;more likely to encounter 
D) more likely to encounter;less likely to encounter

Question 11

In a state of flow,the individual _____,while in a state of mindfulness,the individual _____.

Accepted Answer

A) is strongly self-focused;is strongly other-focused 
B) is absorbed in an activity;is completely attentive to the present moment 
C) is completely attentive to the present moment;is absorbed in an activity 
D) is strongly other-focused;is strongly self-focused 
A) is strongly self-focused;is strongly other-focused 
B) is absorbed in an activity;is completely attentive to the present moment 
C) is completely attentive to the present moment;is absorbed in an activity 
D) is strongly other-focused;is strongly self-focused

Question 12

Self-esteem is defined as the:

Accepted Answer

A) individual's level of life satisfaction. 
B) extent to which the person has a stable,coherent self-concept. 
C) level of positive feeling one has about oneself. 
D) extent to which one likes oneself. 
A) individual's level of life satisfaction. 
B) extent to which the person has a stable,coherent self-concept. 
C) level of positive feeling one has about oneself. 
D) extent to which one likes oneself.

Question 13

When people are ostracized,scans of their brains show activation in the:

Accepted Answer

A) prefrontal cortex. 
B) amygdala. 
C) caudate nucleus. 
D) anterior cingulate cortex. 
A) prefrontal cortex. 
B) amygdala. 
C) caudate nucleus. 
D) anterior cingulate cortex.

Question 14

In Festinger and Carlsmith's (1959)classic study on cognitive dissonance,subjects came to believe that a boring task was interesting when they:

Accepted Answer

A) did not have to tell someone that they enjoyed the task. 
B) were paid $1 to tell someone that they enjoyed the task. 
C) were paid $20 to tell someone that they enjoyed the task. 
D) were predisposed to make a good impression on others. 
A) did not have to tell someone that they enjoyed the task. 
B) were paid $1 to tell someone that they enjoyed the task. 
C) were paid $20 to tell someone that they enjoyed the task. 
D) were predisposed to make a good impression on others.

Question 15

The experimental paradigm that has been used to demonstrate that cognitive dissonance processes are driven by a negative,affective state of tension is:

Accepted Answer

A) induced hypocrisy. 
B) misattribution of arousal. 
C) the implicit attitudes test. 
D) excitation transfer. 
A) induced hypocrisy. 
B) misattribution of arousal. 
C) the implicit attitudes test. 
D) excitation transfer.

Question 16

All of the following are true about self-esteem EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) it may be a conscious attitude about the self. 
B) it may be an unconscious attitude about the self. 
C) it is always stable. 
D) it may be a result of implicit and explicit factors. 
A) it may be a conscious attitude about the self. 
B) it may be an unconscious attitude about the self. 
C) it is always stable. 
D) it may be a result of implicit and explicit factors.

Question 17

People feel self-determined in their actions when all of the following basic needs are met EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) relatedness 
B) competence 
C) self-evaluation 
D) autonomy 
A) relatedness 
B) competence 
C) self-evaluation 
D) autonomy

Question 18

Linder and colleagues had participants write a counterattitudinal essay on banning controversial speakers from campus.In one condition participants were told the essay was mandatory,and in a second condition participants were told it would be helpful but was not required.Which participants experienced the most dissonance?

Accepted Answer

A) The participants in the high choice condition experienced the most dissonance. 
B) The participants in the low choice condition experienced the most dissonance. 
C) The participants experienced the same amount of dissonance. 
D) None of the participants experienced dissonance. 
A) The participants in the high choice condition experienced the most dissonance. 
B) The participants in the low choice condition experienced the most dissonance. 
C) The participants experienced the same amount of dissonance. 
D) None of the participants experienced dissonance.

Question 19

According to the dramaturgical perspective,if a person is not consciously aware that they are enacting a social role,then they are:

Accepted Answer

A) giving a sincere performance. 
B) giving a cynical performance. 
C) engaging in audience segregation. 
D) mimicking behavior. 
A) giving a sincere performance. 
B) giving a cynical performance. 
C) engaging in audience segregation. 
D) mimicking behavior.

Question 20

According to the overjustification effect,if you promise a child a reward for doing what he or she already intrinsically enjoys,then

Accepted Answer

A) it will lead to more enjoyment of the activity. 
B) it will lead to less enjoyment of the activity. 
C) it will lead to increased practice of the activity. 
D) it will become more intrinsically rewarding. 
A) it will lead to more enjoyment of the activity. 
B) it will lead to less enjoyment of the activity. 
C) it will lead to increased practice of the activity. 
D) it will become more intrinsically rewarding.

Images of what the future self may look like are referred to as:

The belief that others are paying more attention to one's appearance and behavior than they actually are is referred to as the _____ effect.

In a typical game of what Williams and colleagues called cyberball,participants:

All of the following are factors affecting the magnitude of dissonance EXCEPT:

Uri has always believed that cheating is wrong.After he cheats on a biology quiz,his attitude becomes much less critical.The _____ theory best accounts for his attitudinal shift.

In the induced hypocrisy paradigm,participants:

_____ occurs when people attribute their action to an external incentive,and their intrinsic motivation and enjoyment of the task are consequently diminished.

Extrinsic motivation refers to _,while intrinsic motivation refers to _.

In a study,participants who received positive personality feedback before watching a disturbingly graphic video did not react to the video with anxiety.What theory of self-esteem motivation does this finding support?

People high in self-concept clarity are _ others' feedback,while those low in self-concept clarity are _ others' feedback.

In a state of flow,the individual _,while in a state of mindfulness,the individual _.

Self-esteem is defined as the:

When people are ostracized,scans of their brains show activation in the:

In Festinger and Carlsmith's (1959)classic study on cognitive dissonance,subjects came to believe that a boring task was interesting when they:

The experimental paradigm that has been used to demonstrate that cognitive dissonance processes are driven by a negative,affective state of tension is:

All of the following are true about self-esteem EXCEPT:

People feel self-determined in their actions when all of the following basic needs are met EXCEPT:

According to the dramaturgical perspective,if a person is not consciously aware that they are enacting a social role,then they are:

According to the overjustification effect,if you promise a child a reward for doing what he or she already intrinsically enjoys,then

The Revealing Science of Social Psychology

Fundamentals of Social Behavior

The Core Elements of Social Cognition

Thinking About People and Events

The Nature, Origins, and Functions of the Self

Social Influence

Persuasion, Attitudes, and Behavior

Group Processes

Understanding Prejudice, Stereotyping, and Discrimination

Responding to and Reducing Prejudice

Interpersonal Aggression

Prosocial Behavior

Interpersonal Attraction

Close Relationships

Filters

Exam 6: The Key Self-Motives: Consistency, Esteem, Presentation, and Growth

Images of what the future self may look like are referred to as:

The belief that others are paying more attention to one's appearance and behavior than they actually are is referred to as the _____ effect.

In a typical game of what Williams and colleagues called cyberball,participants:

All of the following are factors affecting the magnitude of dissonance EXCEPT:

Uri has always believed that cheating is wrong.After he cheats on a biology quiz,his attitude becomes much less critical.The _____ theory best accounts for his attitudinal shift.

In the induced hypocrisy paradigm,participants:

_____ occurs when people attribute their action to an external incentive,and their intrinsic motivation and enjoyment of the task are consequently diminished.

Extrinsic motivation refers to _____,while intrinsic motivation refers to _____.

In a study,participants who received positive personality feedback before watching a disturbingly graphic video did not react to the video with anxiety.What theory of self-esteem motivation does this finding support?

People high in self-concept clarity are _____ others' feedback,while those low in self-concept clarity are _____ others' feedback.

In a state of flow,the individual _____,while in a state of mindfulness,the individual _____.

Self-esteem is defined as the:

When people are ostracized,scans of their brains show activation in the:

In Festinger and Carlsmith's (1959)classic study on cognitive dissonance,subjects came to believe that a boring task was interesting when they:

The experimental paradigm that has been used to demonstrate that cognitive dissonance processes are driven by a negative,affective state of tension is:

All of the following are true about self-esteem EXCEPT:

People feel self-determined in their actions when all of the following basic needs are met EXCEPT:

According to the dramaturgical perspective,if a person is not consciously aware that they are enacting a social role,then they are:

According to the overjustification effect,if you promise a child a reward for doing what he or she already intrinsically enjoys,then

The Revealing Science of Social Psychology

Fundamentals of Social Behavior

The Core Elements of Social Cognition

Thinking About People and Events

The Nature, Origins, and Functions of the Self

Social Influence

Persuasion, Attitudes, and Behavior

Group Processes

Understanding Prejudice, Stereotyping, and Discrimination

Responding to and Reducing Prejudice

Interpersonal Aggression

Prosocial Behavior

Interpersonal Attraction

Close Relationships

Filters

Extrinsic motivation refers to _,while intrinsic motivation refers to _.

People high in self-concept clarity are _ others' feedback,while those low in self-concept clarity are _ others' feedback.

In a state of flow,the individual _,while in a state of mindfulness,the individual _.