Question 1

The nucleic acid bases:

Accepted Answer

A) absorb ultraviolet light maximally at 280 nm. 
B) are all about the same size. 
C) are relatively hydrophilic. 
D) are roughly planar. 
E) can all stably base-pair with one another. 
A) absorb ultraviolet light maximally at 280 nm. 
B) are all about the same size. 
C) are relatively hydrophilic. 
D) are roughly planar. 
E) can all stably base-pair with one another.

Question 2

Which of the following statements concerning the tautomeric forms of bases such as uracil is correct?

Accepted Answer

A) The double-lactim form contains a ketone group. 
B) The lactam form contains an alcohol group. 
C) The lactam form predominates at neutral pH. 
D) Formation of the lactim from the lactam is irreversible. 
E) The lactim and double-lactim forms are stabilized at high pH. 
A) The double-lactim form contains a ketone group. 
B) The lactam form contains an alcohol group. 
C) The lactam form predominates at neutral pH. 
D) Formation of the lactim from the lactam is irreversible. 
E) The lactim and double-lactim forms are stabilized at high pH.

Question 3

In the Watson-Crick model for the DNA double helix (B form)the A-T and G-C base pairs share which one of the following properties?

Accepted Answer

A) The distance between the two glycosidic (base-sugar)bonds is the same in both base pairs,within a few tenths of an angstrom. 
B) The molecular weights of the two base pairs are identical. 
C) The number of hydrogen bonds formed between the two bases of the base pair is the same. 
D) The plane of neither base pair is perpendicular to the axis of the helix. 
E) The proton-binding groups in both base pairs are in their charged or ionized form. 
A) The distance between the two glycosidic (base-sugar)bonds is the same in both base pairs,within a few tenths of an angstrom. 
B) The molecular weights of the two base pairs are identical. 
C) The number of hydrogen bonds formed between the two bases of the base pair is the same. 
D) The plane of neither base pair is perpendicular to the axis of the helix. 
E) The proton-binding groups in both base pairs are in their charged or ionized form.

Question 4

The ribonucleotide polymer (5')GTGATCAAGC(3')could only form a double-stranded structure with:

Accepted Answer

A) (5')CACTAGTTCG(3'). 
B) (5')CACUAGUUCG(3'). 
C) (5')CACUTTCGCCC(3'). 
D) (5')GCTTGATCAC(3'). 
E) (5')GCCTAGTTUG(3'). 
A) (5')CACTAGTTCG(3'). 
B) (5')CACUAGUUCG(3'). 
C) (5')CACUTTCGCCC(3'). 
D) (5')GCTTGATCAC(3'). 
E) (5')GCCTAGTTUG(3').

Question 5

In one sentence,identify the most obvious structural difference between A-form (Watson-Crick)DNA and Z-form DNA.

Accepted Answer

A-form DNA is a righ

Question 6

What is the approximate length of a DNA molecule (in the B form)containing 10,000 base pairs?

Accepted Answer

3.4 Å * 10

Question 7

Purines have ____ ring(s), (each)containing _____ nitrogen(s),whereas pyrimidines have _____ ring(s), (each)containing _____ nitrogens.

Accepted Answer

A) 1;1;1;1 
B) 1;2;1;2 
C) 2;1;1;2 
D) 2;2;1;1 
E) 2;2;1;2 
A) 1;1;1;1 
B) 1;2;1;2 
C) 2;1;1;2 
D) 2;2;1;1 
E) 2;2;1;2

Question 8

Mouse DNA hybridizes more extensively with human DNA than with yeast DNA.Explain by describing the factor or factors that determine extent of hybridization.

Accepted Answer

In general,the more similar the sequence

Question 9

The DNA oligonucleotide abbreviated pATCGAC:

Accepted Answer

A) has seven phosphate groups. 
B) has a hydroxyl at its 3' end. 
C) has a phosphate on its 3' end. 
D) has an A at its 3' end. 
E) violates Chargaff's rules. 
A) has seven phosphate groups. 
B) has a hydroxyl at its 3' end. 
C) has a phosphate on its 3' end. 
D) has an A at its 3' end. 
E) violates Chargaff's rules.

Question 10

Chargaff's rules state that in typical DNA:

Accepted Answer

A) A = G. 
B) A = C. 
C) A = U. 
D) A + T = G + C. 
E) A + G = T + C. 
A) A = G. 
B) A = C. 
C) A = U. 
D) A + T = G + C. 
E) A + G = T + C.

Question 11

Double stranded regions of RNA typically take on a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) A-form left-handed helix. 
B) A-form right-handed helix. 
C) B-form left-handed helix. 
D) B-form right-handed helix. 
E) Z-form left-handed helix. 
A) A-form left-handed helix. 
B) A-form right-handed helix. 
C) B-form left-handed helix. 
D) B-form right-handed helix. 
E) Z-form left-handed helix.

Question 12

Briefly describe the experimental evidence of Avery,MacLeod,and McCarty that DNA is the genetic material.

Accepted Answer

Avery et al.showed that DNA isolated fro

Question 13

In comparison with DNA-DNA double helices,the stability of DNA-RNA and RNA-RNA helices is:

Accepted Answer

A) DNA-DNA > DNA-RNA > RNA-RNA. 
B) DNA-DNA > RNA-RNA > DNA-RNA. 
C) RNA-DNA > RNA-RNA > DNA-DNA. 
D) RNA-RNA > DNA-DNA > DNA-RNA. 
E) RNA-RNA > DNA-RNA > DNA-DNA. 
A) DNA-DNA > DNA-RNA > RNA-RNA. 
B) DNA-DNA > RNA-RNA > DNA-RNA. 
C) RNA-DNA > RNA-RNA > DNA-DNA. 
D) RNA-RNA > DNA-DNA > DNA-RNA. 
E) RNA-RNA > DNA-RNA > DNA-DNA.

Question 14

Which of the following is a palindromic sequence?

Accepted Answer

A) AGGTCC TCCAGG 
B) CCTTCC GCAAGG 
C) GAATCC CTTAGG 
D) GGATCC 
E) GTATCC 
A) AGGTCC TCCAGG 
B) CCTTCC GCAAGG 
C) GAATCC CTTAGG 
D) GGATCC 
E) GTATCC

Question 15

What happens in automated Sanger DNA sequencing reaction if you forget to add
a)all fluorescent ddNTPs?
b)fluorescent ddGTP?
c)all dNTPs?
d)dGTP?

Accepted Answer

a)The polymerase will synthesize the who

Question 16

Explain how nucleoside triphosphates (such as ATP)act as carriers of chemical energy.

Accepted Answer

In these molecules,there is a phosphoric

Question 17

Compounds that contain a nitrogenous base,a sugar,and a phosphate group are called (a)________.
Two purines found in DNA are (b)______________ and __________________.
A pyrimidine found in all DNA but in only some RNA is (c)_________________.
In DNA,the base pair (d)___ -___ is held together by three hydrogen bonds;
the base pair (e)___ -___ has only two such bonds.

Accepted Answer

(a)nucleotides; 
(b)

Question 18

Triple-helical DNA structures can result from Hoogsteen (non Watson-Crick)interactions.These interactions are primarily:

Accepted Answer

A) covalent bonds involving deoxyribose. 
B) covalent bonds involving the bases. 
C) hydrogen bonds involving deoxyribose. 
D) hydrogen bonds involving the bases. 
E) hydrophobic interactions involving the bases. 
A) covalent bonds involving deoxyribose. 
B) covalent bonds involving the bases. 
C) hydrogen bonds involving deoxyribose. 
D) hydrogen bonds involving the bases. 
E) hydrophobic interactions involving the bases.

Question 19

B-form DNA in vivo is a ________-handed helix,_____ Å in diameter,with a rise of ____ Å per base pair.

Accepted Answer

A) left;20;3.9 
B) right;18;3.4 
C) right;18;3.6 
D) right;20;3.4 
E) right;23;2.6 
A) left;20;3.9 
B) right;18;3.4 
C) right;18;3.6 
D) right;20;3.4 
E) right;23;2.6

Question 20

What is the principal effect of ultraviolet radiation on DNA?

Accepted Answer

UV radiation causes the format

Exam 8: Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

The nucleic acid bases:

Which of the following statements concerning the tautomeric forms of bases such as uracil is correct?

In the Watson-Crick model for the DNA double helix (B form)the A-T and G-C base pairs share which one of the following properties?

The ribonucleotide polymer (5')GTGATCAAGC(3')could only form a double-stranded structure with:

In one sentence,identify the most obvious structural difference between A-form (Watson-Crick)DNA and Z-form DNA.

What is the approximate length of a DNA molecule (in the B form)containing 10,000 base pairs?

Purines have ____ ring(s), (each)containing _____ nitrogen(s),whereas pyrimidines have _____ ring(s), (each)containing _____ nitrogens.

Mouse DNA hybridizes more extensively with human DNA than with yeast DNA.Explain by describing the factor or factors that determine extent of hybridization.

The DNA oligonucleotide abbreviated pATCGAC:

Chargaff's rules state that in typical DNA:

Double stranded regions of RNA typically take on a(n):

Briefly describe the experimental evidence of Avery,MacLeod,and McCarty that DNA is the genetic material.

In comparison with DNA-DNA double helices,the stability of DNA-RNA and RNA-RNA helices is:

Which of the following is a palindromic sequence?

What happens in automated Sanger DNA sequencing reaction if you forget to add a)all fluorescent ddNTPs? b)fluorescent ddGTP? c)all dNTPs? d)dGTP?

Explain how nucleoside triphosphates (such as ATP)act as carriers of chemical energy.

Triple-helical DNA structures can result from Hoogsteen (non Watson-Crick)interactions.These interactions are primarily:

B-form DNA in vivo is a ________-handed helix,_____ Å in diameter,with a rise of ____ Å per base pair.

What is the principal effect of ultraviolet radiation on DNA?

The Foundations of Biochemistry

Water

Amino Acids, peptides, and Proteins

The Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins

Protein Function

Enzymes

Carbohydrates and Glycobiology

Recombinant Dna Technology

Lipids

Biological Membranes and Transport

Biosignaling

Principles of Bioenergetics

Glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Principles of Metabolic Regulation

The Citric Acid Cycle

Fatty Acid Catabolism

Amino Acid Oxidation and the Production of Urea

Oxidative Phosphorylation and Photophosphorylation

Carbohydrate Biosynthesis in Plants and Bacteria

Lipid Biosynthesis

Biosynthesis of Amino Acids, nucleotides, and Related Molecules

Integration and Hormonal Regulation of Mammalian Metabolism

Genes and Chromosomes

Dna Metabolism

Rna Metabolism

Protein Metabolism

Regulation of Gene Expression

Filters

Purines have __ ring(s), (each)containing _ nitrogen(s),whereas pyrimidines have _ ring(s), (each)containing ___ nitrogens.

B-form DNA in vivo is a ______-handed helix,_ Å in diameter,with a rise of __ Å per base pair.