Question 1

How do oligosaccharide portions of glycoproteins change the properties of the proteins?

Accepted Answer

Hydrophilic carbohydrates can alter the

Question 2

Which of the following monosaccharides is not a carboxylic acid?

Accepted Answer

A) 6-Phospho-gluconate 
B) Gluconate 
C) Glucose 
D) Glucuronate 
E) Muramic acid 
A) 6-Phospho-gluconate 
B) Gluconate 
C) Glucose 
D) Glucuronate 
E) Muramic acid

Question 3

The biochemical property of lectins that is the basis for most of their biological effects is their ability to bind to:

Accepted Answer

A) amphipathic molecules. 
B) hydrophobic molecules. 
C) specific lipids. 
D) specific oligosaccharides. 
E) specific peptides. 
A) amphipathic molecules. 
B) hydrophobic molecules. 
C) specific lipids. 
D) specific oligosaccharides. 
E) specific peptides.

Question 4

This compound is l-glyceraldehyde.Draw a stereochemically correct representation of C-1 and C-2 of d-glucose.

Accepted Answer

In D-glucose, the positions o

Question 5

Which of the following pairs is interconverted in the process of mutarotation?

Accepted Answer

A) d-glucose and d-fructose 
B) d-glucose and d-galactose 
C) d-glucose and d-glucosamine 
D) d-glucose and l-glucose 
E) ($\alpha$-d-glucose and $\beta$-d-glucose) 
A) d-glucose and d-fructose 
B) d-glucose and d-galactose 
C) d-glucose and d-glucosamine 
D) d-glucose and l-glucose 
E) ($\alpha$-d-glucose and $\beta$-d-glucose)

Question 6

Which of the following is not a reason that it is difficult to study oligosaccharide composition from biological systems?

Accepted Answer

A) Oligosaccharides are often branched. 
B) Oligosaccharides often have a high negative charge density. 
C) Oligosaccharides have a variety of linkages . 
D) Oligosaccharides have too much conformational flexibility. 
E) There are no specific glycosidase enzymes that can be used to selectively digest oligosaccharides. 
A) Oligosaccharides are often branched. 
B) Oligosaccharides often have a high negative charge density. 
C) Oligosaccharides have a variety of linkages . 
D) Oligosaccharides have too much conformational flexibility. 
E) There are no specific glycosidase enzymes that can be used to selectively digest oligosaccharides.

Question 7

From the abbreviated name of the compound Gal($\beta$1 $\rightarrow$ 4)Glc,we know that:

Accepted Answer

A) C-4 of glucose is joined to C-1 of galactose by a glycosidic bond. 
B) the compound is a d-enantiomer. 
C) the galactose residue is at the reducing end. 
D) the glucose is in its pyranose form. 
E) the glucose residue is the $\beta$ anomer. 
A) C-4 of glucose is joined to C-1 of galactose by a glycosidic bond. 
B) the compound is a d-enantiomer. 
C) the galactose residue is at the reducing end. 
D) the glucose is in its pyranose form. 
E) the glucose residue is the $\beta$ anomer.

Question 8

Describe one biological advantage of storing glucose units in branched polymers (glycogen,amylopectin)rather than in linear polymers.

Accepted Answer

The enzymes that act on these polymers t

Question 9

Explain how it is possible that a polysaccharide molecule,such as glycogen,may have only one reducing end,and yet have many nonreducing ends.

Accepted Answer

The molecule is bran

Question 10

Which of the following statements about starch and glycogen is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Amylose is unbranched;amylopectin and glycogen contain many ($\alpha$1 $\rightarrow$ 6)branches. 
B) Both are homopolymers of glucose. 
C) Both serve primarily as structural elements in cell walls. 
D) Both starch and glycogen are stored intracellularly as insoluble granules. 
E) Glycogen is more extensively branched than starch. 
A) Amylose is unbranched;amylopectin and glycogen contain many ($\alpha$1 $\rightarrow$ 6)branches. 
B) Both are homopolymers of glucose. 
C) Both serve primarily as structural elements in cell walls. 
D) Both starch and glycogen are stored intracellularly as insoluble granules. 
E) Glycogen is more extensively branched than starch.

Question 11

Why is it surprising that the side chains of tryptophan residues in lectins can interact with sugars?

Accepted Answer

A) Because the side chain of tryptophan is hydrophilic and sugars are hydrophobic 
B) Because the side chain of tryptophan is (-)charged and sugars are generally (+)charged or neutral 
C) Because the side chain of tryptophan can make hydrogen bonds and sugars cannot. 
D) Because the side chain of tryptophan is hydrophobic and sugars are generally hydrophilic 
E) None of the above 
A) Because the side chain of tryptophan is hydrophilic and sugars are hydrophobic 
B) Because the side chain of tryptophan is (-)charged and sugars are generally (+)charged or neutral 
C) Because the side chain of tryptophan can make hydrogen bonds and sugars cannot. 
D) Because the side chain of tryptophan is hydrophobic and sugars are generally hydrophilic 
E) None of the above

Question 12

Match between columns
                        Premises: carbohydrate storage in animal liver
transport/storage in insects
viscosity, lubrication of extracellular secretions
structural component of bacterial cell wall
exoskeleton of insects
carbohydrate storage in plants
structural component of plant cell walls
extracellular matrix of animal tissues

Accepted Answer

The Answer of cellulose and starch and proteoglycan and glycogen is...

Question 13

Which of the following is an epimeric pair?

Accepted Answer

A) d-glucose and d-glucosamine 
B) d-glucose and d-mannose 
C) d-glucose and l-glucose 
D) d-lactose and d-sucrose 
E) l-mannose and l-fructose 
A) d-glucose and d-glucosamine 
B) d-glucose and d-mannose 
C) d-glucose and l-glucose 
D) d-lactose and d-sucrose 
E) l-mannose and l-fructose

Question 14

The glycosaminoglycans are negatively charged at neutral pH.What components of these polymers confer the negative charge?

Accepted Answer

Uronic acids such as

Question 15

(a)Draw the structures of both anomers of glucose in the pyranose ring form.
(b)How many asymmetric carbons (chiral centers)does each of these structures have? 
(c)How many stereoisomers of the glucose are theoretically possible?

Accepted Answer

(a) See Fig. 7-7
(b)The number of chiral

Question 16

Describe the differences between a proteoglycan and a glycoprotein.

Accepted Answer

Both are made up of proteins and polysac

Question 17

The number of structurally different polysaccharides that can be made with 20 different monosaccharides is far greater than the number of different polypeptides that can be made with 20 different amino acids if both polymers contain an equal number (say 100)of total residues.Explain why.

Accepted Answer

Because virtually all peptides are linea

Question 18

Following complete hydrolysis of a sample of glycogen and a sample of cellulose,which of the following must be true?

Accepted Answer

A) The glycogen sample is more soluble than the cellulose sample. 
B) The cellulose sample is more soluble than the glycogen sample. 
C) Both samples consist of a mixture of $\alpha$-d-glucose and $\beta$-d-glucose. 
D) The glycogen sample has a higher ratio of $\alpha$-d-glucose than the cellulose sample. 
E) The cellulose sample contains only $\beta$-d-glucose. 
A) The glycogen sample is more soluble than the cellulose sample. 
B) The cellulose sample is more soluble than the glycogen sample. 
C) Both samples consist of a mixture of $\alpha$-d-glucose and $\beta$-d-glucose. 
D) The glycogen sample has a higher ratio of $\alpha$-d-glucose than the cellulose sample. 
E) The cellulose sample contains only $\beta$-d-glucose.

Question 19

Draw the structure of the repeating basic unit of (a)amylose and (b)cellulose.

Accepted Answer

(a)For the structure of amylose.The repe

Question 20

Hemoglobin glycation is a process where is attached to hemoglobin.

Accepted Answer

A) glycerol;covalently 
B) glucose;enzymatically 
C) glucose;non-enzymatically 
D) N-acetyl-galactosamine;enzymatically 
E) galactose;non-enzymatically 
A) glycerol;covalently 
B) glucose;enzymatically 
C) glucose;non-enzymatically 
D) N-acetyl-galactosamine;enzymatically 
E) galactose;non-enzymatically

Exam 7: Carbohydrates and Glycobiology

How do oligosaccharide portions of glycoproteins change the properties of the proteins?

Which of the following monosaccharides is not a carboxylic acid?

The biochemical property of lectins that is the basis for most of their biological effects is their ability to bind to:

This compound is l-glyceraldehyde.Draw a stereochemically correct representation of C-1 and C-2 of d-glucose.

Which of the following pairs is interconverted in the process of mutarotation?

Which of the following is not a reason that it is difficult to study oligosaccharide composition from biological systems?

From the abbreviated name of the compound Gal( β\betaβ 1 →\rightarrow→ 4)Glc,we know that:

Describe one biological advantage of storing glucose units in branched polymers (glycogen,amylopectin)rather than in linear polymers.

Explain how it is possible that a polysaccharide molecule,such as glycogen,may have only one reducing end,and yet have many nonreducing ends.

Which of the following statements about starch and glycogen is false?

Why is it surprising that the side chains of tryptophan residues in lectins can interact with sugars?

Which of the following is an epimeric pair?

The glycosaminoglycans are negatively charged at neutral pH.What components of these polymers confer the negative charge?

(a)Draw the structures of both anomers of glucose in the pyranose ring form. (b)How many asymmetric carbons (chiral centers)does each of these structures have? (c)How many stereoisomers of the glucose are theoretically possible?

Describe the differences between a proteoglycan and a glycoprotein.

The number of structurally different polysaccharides that can be made with 20 different monosaccharides is far greater than the number of different polypeptides that can be made with 20 different amino acids if both polymers contain an equal number (say 100)of total residues.Explain why.

Following complete hydrolysis of a sample of glycogen and a sample of cellulose,which of the following must be true?

Draw the structure of the repeating basic unit of (a)amylose and (b)cellulose.

Hemoglobin glycation is a process where is attached to hemoglobin.

The Foundations of Biochemistry

Water

Amino Acids, peptides, and Proteins

The Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins

Protein Function

Enzymes

Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

Recombinant Dna Technology

Lipids

Biological Membranes and Transport

Biosignaling

Principles of Bioenergetics

Glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Principles of Metabolic Regulation

The Citric Acid Cycle

Fatty Acid Catabolism

Amino Acid Oxidation and the Production of Urea

Oxidative Phosphorylation and Photophosphorylation

Carbohydrate Biosynthesis in Plants and Bacteria

Lipid Biosynthesis

Biosynthesis of Amino Acids, nucleotides, and Related Molecules

Integration and Hormonal Regulation of Mammalian Metabolism

Genes and Chromosomes

Dna Metabolism

Rna Metabolism

Protein Metabolism

Regulation of Gene Expression

Filters

From the abbreviated name of the compound Gal( $\beta$ 1 $\rightarrow$ 4)Glc,we know that: