Question 1

A reinforcer that removes something unpleasant from a situation is called a __________ reinforcer.

Accepted Answer

A) positive 
B) negative 
C) primary 
D) secondary 
A) positive 
B) negative 
C) primary 
D) secondary

Question 2

An example of a behavior that is learned through operant conditioning is _____________.

Accepted Answer

A) blinking in response to a flash of light 
B) studying in order to get a teacher's approval 
C) sneezing in response to dust 
D) pulling one's hand away from a flame 
A) blinking in response to a flash of light 
B) studying in order to get a teacher's approval 
C) sneezing in response to dust 
D) pulling one's hand away from a flame

Question 3

A reinforcer that removes something unpleasant from a situation is a __________.

Accepted Answer

A) primary reinforcer 
B) positive reinforcer 
C) negative reinforcer 
D) secondary reinforcer 
A) primary reinforcer 
B) positive reinforcer 
C) negative reinforcer 
D) secondary reinforcer

Question 4

Emitted,voluntary behavior is BEST modified by _____________.

Accepted Answer

A) operant conditioning 
B) trial and error 
C) classical conditioning 
D) extinction 
A) operant conditioning 
B) trial and error 
C) classical conditioning 
D) extinction

Question 5

The idea that for classical conditioning to occur,the presentation of the conditioned stimulus must tell you something about whether the unconditioned stimulus is going to occur is called ___________ theory.

Accepted Answer

A) social learning 
B) contingency 
C) operant conditioning 
D) autonomic conditioning 
A) social learning 
B) contingency 
C) operant conditioning 
D) autonomic conditioning

Question 6

Paul is coming down with the flu,but he eats spaghetti anyway and subsequently becomes violently ill.A month later he sees that spaghetti is being served in the dining hall and is overcome by nausea.What type of learning is illustrated by this episode?

Accepted Answer

A) operant conditioning 
B) cognitive learning 
C) latent learning 
D) classical conditioning 
A) operant conditioning 
B) cognitive learning 
C) latent learning 
D) classical conditioning

Question 7

Pairing the US and CS is essential for _______ to occur.

Accepted Answer

A) extinction 
B) classical conditioning 
C) operant conditioning 
D) shaping 
A) extinction 
B) classical conditioning 
C) operant conditioning 
D) shaping

Question 8

A reinforcer that is reinforcing in and of itself is called a ________ reinforcer.

Accepted Answer

A) direct 
B) delayed 
C) primary 
D) secondary 
A) direct 
B) delayed 
C) primary 
D) secondary

Question 9

If a rat has learned to press a lever to obtain pellets of food and,all of a sudden,the response permanently ceases to produce any food,then _______ will occur.

Accepted Answer

A) shaping 
B) discrimination 
C) generalization 
D) extinction 
A) shaping 
B) discrimination 
C) generalization 
D) extinction

Question 10

Most young children put their hands over their ears when they hear the loud boom of firecrackers at a Fourth of July festival,but at first pay scant attention to the person lighting the firecrackers.However,after just a few firecrackers have been exploded,some of the children put their hands over their ears as soon as they see the person approach the firecracker with a match! What is the conditioned stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A) the person lighting the firecrackers 
B) the loud booming sound made by the firecrackers 
C) the children putting their hands over their ears when they see the person about to light the firecrackers 
D) the children putting their hands over their ears when the firecrackers explode 
A) the person lighting the firecrackers 
B) the loud booming sound made by the firecrackers 
C) the children putting their hands over their ears when they see the person about to light the firecrackers 
D) the children putting their hands over their ears when the firecrackers explode

Question 11

On a variable-interval schedule,reinforcement is given _________.

Accepted Answer

A) for the first correct response after a fixed amount of time has passed 
B) for the first correct response after varying amounts of time have passed 
C) for the next correct response after a fixed number of responses have been made 
D) for the next correct response after a varying number of responses have been made 
A) for the first correct response after a fixed amount of time has passed 
B) for the first correct response after varying amounts of time have passed 
C) for the next correct response after a fixed number of responses have been made 
D) for the next correct response after a varying number of responses have been made

Question 12

Most young children put their hands over their ears when they hear the loud boom of firecrackers at a Fourth of July festival,but at first pay scant attention to the person lighting the firecrackers.However,after just a few firecrackers have been exploded,some of the children put their hands over their ears as soon as they see the person approach the firecracker with a match! What is the unconditioned response?

Accepted Answer

A) the person lighting the firecrackers 
B) the loud booming sound made by the firecrackers 
C) the children putting their hands over their ears when they see the person about to light the firecrackers 
D) the children putting their hands over their ears when the firecrackers explode 
A) the person lighting the firecrackers 
B) the loud booming sound made by the firecrackers 
C) the children putting their hands over their ears when they see the person about to light the firecrackers 
D) the children putting their hands over their ears when the firecrackers explode

Question 13

Thorndike conducted research on:

Accepted Answer

A) operant conditioning. 
B) classical conditioning. 
C) shaping. 
D) higher-order conditioning. 
A) operant conditioning. 
B) classical conditioning. 
C) shaping. 
D) higher-order conditioning.

Question 14

If a POSITIVE REINFORCER is added after a behavior and the behavior is strengthened/increased,the process used is called:

Accepted Answer

A) negative reinforcement. 
B) positive reinforcement. 
C) extinction. 
D) punishment. 
A) negative reinforcement. 
B) positive reinforcement. 
C) extinction. 
D) punishment.

Question 15

A very high rate of responding is produced by a _______ schedule of reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A) fixed interval 
B) fixed ratio 
C) variable interval 
D) variable ratio 
A) fixed interval 
B) fixed ratio 
C) variable interval 
D) variable ratio

Question 16

Giving different responses to the same stimuli to which you were classically conditioned illustrates ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) response generalization 
B) spontaneous recovery 
C) stimulus generalization 
D) vicarious conditioning 
A) response generalization 
B) spontaneous recovery 
C) stimulus generalization 
D) vicarious conditioning

Question 17

If a dog salivates when it sees a green light or a yellow light,it is exhibiting ________.

Accepted Answer

A) generalization 
B) discrimination 
C) higher-order conditioning 
D) extinction 
A) generalization 
B) discrimination 
C) higher-order conditioning 
D) extinction

Question 18

On a variable-interval schedule,reinforcement is given _______.

Accepted Answer

A) for the first correct response after a specific amount of time has passed 
B) for correct responses after randomly varying amounts of time have passed 
C) after a specific number of responses are given 
D) after a randomly varying number of responses are given 
A) for the first correct response after a specific amount of time has passed 
B) for correct responses after randomly varying amounts of time have passed 
C) after a specific number of responses are given 
D) after a randomly varying number of responses are given

Question 19

Which type of learning occurs when we observe other people act?

Accepted Answer

A) operant conditioning 
B) classical conditioning 
C) insight learning 
D) observational learning 
A) operant conditioning 
B) classical conditioning 
C) insight learning 
D) observational learning

Question 20

Reacting to a stimulus that is similar to the one you have learned to react to is called ___________.

Accepted Answer

A) stimulus generalization 
B) response generalization 
C) higher-order conditioning 
D) modeling 
A) stimulus generalization 
B) response generalization 
C) higher-order conditioning 
D) modeling

Exam 5: A: Learning

A reinforcer that removes something unpleasant from a situation is called a __________ reinforcer.

An example of a behavior that is learned through operant conditioning is _____________.

A reinforcer that removes something unpleasant from a situation is a __________.

Emitted,voluntary behavior is BEST modified by _____________.

The idea that for classical conditioning to occur,the presentation of the conditioned stimulus must tell you something about whether the unconditioned stimulus is going to occur is called ___________ theory.

Paul is coming down with the flu,but he eats spaghetti anyway and subsequently becomes violently ill.A month later he sees that spaghetti is being served in the dining hall and is overcome by nausea.What type of learning is illustrated by this episode?

Pairing the US and CS is essential for _______ to occur.

A reinforcer that is reinforcing in and of itself is called a ________ reinforcer.

If a rat has learned to press a lever to obtain pellets of food and,all of a sudden,the response permanently ceases to produce any food,then _______ will occur.

On a variable-interval schedule,reinforcement is given _________.

Thorndike conducted research on:

If a POSITIVE REINFORCER is added after a behavior and the behavior is strengthened/increased,the process used is called:

A very high rate of responding is produced by a _______ schedule of reinforcement.

Giving different responses to the same stimuli to which you were classically conditioned illustrates ____________.

If a dog salivates when it sees a green light or a yellow light,it is exhibiting ________.

On a variable-interval schedule,reinforcement is given _______.

Which type of learning occurs when we observe other people act?

Reacting to a stimulus that is similar to the one you have learned to react to is called ___________.

Psychology and Scientific Thinking

A: Psychology and Scientific Thinking

Research Methods

A: Research Methods

Biological Psychology

A: Biological Psychology

Sensation and Perception

A: Sensation and Perception

Learning

Memory

A: Memory

Language,thinking,and Intelligence

A: Language,thinking,and Intelligence

Human Development

A: Human Development

Emotion and Motivation

A: Emotion and Motivation

Stress,health,and Sleep

A: Stress Health and Sleep

Social Psychology

A: Social Psychology

Personality

A: Personality

Psychological Disorders

A: Psychological Disorders

Psychological and Biological Treatments

A: Psychological and Biological Treatments

Filters