Exam 5: A: Learning

On a fixed-interval schedule,reinforcement is given _______.

A woodchuck tries to crack a walnut shell in two different ways--with his paws and with his teeth.The last method worked and the first did not; hence,the woodchuck will be more likely to rely on his teeth for splitting the next nut.This observation illustrates the:

Training a rat to push a lever to escape from an electric shock is an example of:

We associate the name of _______ most closely with classical conditioning.

A person originally feared great heights,such as standing on top of tall buildings.Now the person has also developed fears of flying in airplanes,standing on ladders,and even watching high-wire artists perform.These new fears are probably the result of _______.

Your professor has informed you at the beginning of the term that you will have eight tests--but they will all be unannounced.This is most similar to a _______ reinforcement schedule.

Classical is to _______ as operant is to _______.

An experimenter finds that a certain male subject always has an increased heartbeat when he sees a picture of a nude female.The experimenter sounds a buzzer and then presents such a picture.The experimenter repeats this procedure until the man responds with an increased heartbeat to the sound of the buzzer alone.In this situation the CONDITIONED response is the ________.

On a fixed-interval schedule,reinforcement is given for the __________.

Little Albert (Watson,1920)learned through classical conditioning to fear ______.

Scott works at a job where he is paid a salary every 2 weeks.Scott is being reinforced on a _______ schedule.

Anything that increases the likelihood that a behavior will occur more frequently is called a(n)__________.

Rachel has found that when she opens the cupboard door to get the cat food,the cats come running to the kitchen.Rachel knows that this is classical conditioning and that the conditioned stimulus is the __________.

The process by which prior conditioning prevents conditioning to a new (second)stimulus,even when the two stimuli are presented simultaneously,is called ___________.

The process of presenting the conditioned stimulus alone so often that the learner no longer associates it with the unconditioned stimulus and stops making the conditioned response is called _______.

A child is praised for using his fork instead of his fingers to eat some spaghetti.This is an example of __________ reinforcement.

Classical conditioning:

The type of learning that involves a sudden coming together of the elements of a situation so that the solution to a problem is instantly clear is _____.

When someone uses negative reinforcement to change a behavior the behavior is likely to __________.

Which of the following is a conditioned positive reinforcer?