Question 1

The rate of production of cellular proteins within each cell is regulated through which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  redundancy in the genetic code 
B)  frameshift mutations 
C)  gene expression 
D)  ambiguity in the genetic code 
A)  redundancy in the genetic code 
B)  frameshift mutations 
C)  gene expression 
D)  ambiguity in the genetic code

Question 2

Therapeutic cloning aims to produce ________ from stem cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  healthy tissues 
B)  genomes 
C)  model organisms 
D)  reproductive clones 
A)  healthy tissues 
B)  genomes 
C)  model organisms 
D)  reproductive clones

Question 3

The "highly specific molecular scissors" that cut DNA are called

Accepted Answer

A)  plasmids. 
B)  anticodons. 
C)  codons. 
D)  restriction enzymes. 
A)  plasmids. 
B)  anticodons. 
C)  codons. 
D)  restriction enzymes.

Question 4

Which of the following is found in the nucleotides of DNA but NOT in RNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  a sugar 
B)  a phosphate group 
C)  deoxyribose 
D)  a nitrogen-containing base 
A)  a sugar 
B)  a phosphate group 
C)  deoxyribose 
D)  a nitrogen-containing base

Question 5

Genetically modified tomatoes have been designed with which purpose in mind?

Accepted Answer

A)  improving absorption of vitamins in the human body 
B)  continuing growth even after temperatures fall below freezing 
C)  killing insect pests on contact 
D)  having a longer shelf life in grocery stores 
A)  improving absorption of vitamins in the human body 
B)  continuing growth even after temperatures fall below freezing 
C)  killing insect pests on contact 
D)  having a longer shelf life in grocery stores

Question 6

The molecular structure that geneticists use to insert foreign DNA into a recipient bacterial cell where it can be replicated is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  codon. 
B)  anticodon. 
C)  genome. 
D)  plasmid. 
A)  codon. 
B)  anticodon. 
C)  genome. 
D)  plasmid.

Question 7

Which of the following serves as the template during transcription?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA 
B)  mRNA 
C)  tRNA 
D)  polymerase 
A)  DNA 
B)  mRNA 
C)  tRNA 
D)  polymerase

Question 8

A recombinant Ti plasmid can be used to

Accepted Answer

A)  insert genes from any source into a bacterium. 
B)  insert bacterial genes into a human. 
C)  insert genes from any source into a plant. 
D)  remove specific genes from a plant. 
A)  insert genes from any source into a bacterium. 
B)  insert bacterial genes into a human. 
C)  insert genes from any source into a plant. 
D)  remove specific genes from a plant.

Question 9

A point mutation results in the incorporation of a new amino acid in a protein. Which of the following would be the most likely result?

Accepted Answer

A)  an incomplete protein that still functions normally 
B)  an altered protein, which could result in a genetic disease 
C)  two proteins produced instead of one 
D)  no change to the function of the protein 
A)  an incomplete protein that still functions normally 
B)  an altered protein, which could result in a genetic disease 
C)  two proteins produced instead of one 
D)  no change to the function of the protein

Question 10

The Ti plasmid originated from

Accepted Answer

A)  the baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 
B)  the bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens. 
C)  the fungus Candida albicans. 
D)  the bacterium E. coli. 
A)  the baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 
B)  the bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens. 
C)  the fungus Candida albicans. 
D)  the bacterium E. coli.

Question 11

Which of these is a polymer made of nucleotides?

Accepted Answer

A)  nuclease 
B)  mRNA 
C)  proline 
D)  RNA polymerase 
A)  nuclease 
B)  mRNA 
C)  proline 
D)  RNA polymerase

Question 12

Recombinant proteins refer to proteins that have been made in which manner?

Accepted Answer

A)  from chemicals in the lab 
B)  by genetically modified bacteria 
C)  more potent or more highly concentrated before their use 
D)  directly from deoxyribonucleic acids, thus bypassing transcription and translation 
A)  from chemicals in the lab 
B)  by genetically modified bacteria 
C)  more potent or more highly concentrated before their use 
D)  directly from deoxyribonucleic acids, thus bypassing transcription and translation

Question 13

Activators present near a gene that can be "turned on" will result in

Accepted Answer

A)  increased transcription. 
B)  decreased gene expression. 
C)  unwinding of the DNA double helix. 
D)  a shift in the reading frame. 
A)  increased transcription. 
B)  decreased gene expression. 
C)  unwinding of the DNA double helix. 
D)  a shift in the reading frame.

Question 14

RNA polymerase binds to the ________ to begin the process of transcription.

Accepted Answer

A)  promoter 
B)  structural gene 
C)  codon 
D)  anticodon 
A)  promoter 
B)  structural gene 
C)  codon 
D)  anticodon

Question 15

Which of the following is not directly involved in the process of translation?

Accepted Answer

A)  ribosome 
B)  tRNA 
C)  mRNA 
D)  DNA 
A)  ribosome 
B)  tRNA 
C)  mRNA 
D)  DNA

Question 16

The possibly harmful environmental effects of GM foods include which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  the decreased use of herbicides when GM foods are herbicide-resistant 
B)  the transfer of genetically modified genes to weedy relatives 
C)  the reduction of genetic diversity in all crops 
D)  an increase in allergic reactions in sensitive humans 
A)  the decreased use of herbicides when GM foods are herbicide-resistant 
B)  the transfer of genetically modified genes to weedy relatives 
C)  the reduction of genetic diversity in all crops 
D)  an increase in allergic reactions in sensitive humans

Question 17

The RNA molecule that carries the sequence of nucleotides needed to determine the order of amino acids in a protein is

Accepted Answer

A)  transfer RNA. 
B)  ribosomal RNA. 
C)  messenger RNA. 
D)  translator RNA. 
A)  transfer RNA. 
B)  ribosomal RNA. 
C)  messenger RNA. 
D)  translator RNA.

Question 18

The undifferentiated cells that can be used in therapeutic cloning are

Accepted Answer

A)  plasmid cells. 
B)  stem cells. 
C)  somatic cells. 
D)  transgenic cells. 
A)  plasmid cells. 
B)  stem cells. 
C)  somatic cells. 
D)  transgenic cells.

Question 19

Genetically modifying crop plants can do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease pesticide resistance in the plants. 
B)  make the plants more resistant to freezing. 
C)  reduce the amount of fat in the plants. 
D)  increase the incidence of galls in the plants. 
A)  decrease pesticide resistance in the plants. 
B)  make the plants more resistant to freezing. 
C)  reduce the amount of fat in the plants. 
D)  increase the incidence of galls in the plants.

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of gene therapy?

Accepted Answer

A)  replacing a failing heart with a new heart from a genetically matched donor 
B)  injecting human factor VIII protein into hemophiliacs with a defective factor VIII gene 
C)  infecting a cystic fibrosis patient with a virus carrying a working copy of the cystic fibrosis gene 
D)  providing therapeutic drugs to a patient experiencing high blood pressure 
A)  replacing a failing heart with a new heart from a genetically matched donor 
B)  injecting human factor VIII protein into hemophiliacs with a defective factor VIII gene 
C)  infecting a cystic fibrosis patient with a virus carrying a working copy of the cystic fibrosis gene 
D)  providing therapeutic drugs to a patient experiencing high blood pressure

Exam 9: Genetically Modified Organisms: Gene Expression, Mutation, and Cloning

The rate of production of cellular proteins within each cell is regulated through which of the following?

Therapeutic cloning aims to produce ________ from stem cells.

The "highly specific molecular scissors" that cut DNA are called

Which of the following is found in the nucleotides of DNA but NOT in RNA?

Genetically modified tomatoes have been designed with which purpose in mind?

The molecular structure that geneticists use to insert foreign DNA into a recipient bacterial cell where it can be replicated is called a(n)

Which of the following serves as the template during transcription?

A recombinant Ti plasmid can be used to

A point mutation results in the incorporation of a new amino acid in a protein. Which of the following would be the most likely result?

The Ti plasmid originated from

Which of these is a polymer made of nucleotides?

Recombinant proteins refer to proteins that have been made in which manner?

Activators present near a gene that can be "turned on" will result in

RNA polymerase binds to the ________ to begin the process of transcription.

Which of the following is not directly involved in the process of translation?

The possibly harmful environmental effects of GM foods include which of the following?

The RNA molecule that carries the sequence of nucleotides needed to determine the order of amino acids in a protein is

The undifferentiated cells that can be used in therapeutic cloning are

Genetically modifying crop plants can do which of the following?

Which of the following is an example of gene therapy?

Can Science Cure the Common Cold? Introduction to the Scientific Method

Are We Alone in the Universe? Water, Biochemistry, and Cells

Is It Possible to Supplement Your Way to Better Health?

Fat: How Much is Right for You? Enzymes, Metabolism, and Cellular Respiration

Life in the Greenhouse: Photosynthesis and Global Warming

Cancer: DNA Synthesis, Mitosis, and Meiosis

Are You Only as Smart as Your Genes? Mendelian and Quantitative Genetics

DNA Detective: Complex Patterns of Inheritance and DNA Fingerprinting

Where Did We Come From? The Evidence for Evolution

An Evolving Enemy: Natural Selection

Who Am I? Species and Races

Prospecting for Biological Gold: Biodiversity and Classification

Is the Human Population Too Large? Population Ecology

Conserving Biodiversity: Community and Ecosystem Ecology

Where Do You Live? Climate and Biomes

Organ Donation: Tissues Organs and Organ Systems

Clearing the Air: Respiratory Cardiovascular and Excretory Systems

Vaccinations: Protection and Prevention or Peril? Immune System

Sex Differences and Athleticism: Endocrine Skeletal and Muscular Systems

Is There Something in the Water? Reproductive and Developmental Biology

Attention Deficit Disorder: Brain Structure and Function

Feeding the World: Plant Structure and Growth

Growing a Green Thumb: Plant Physiology

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