Exam 12: Reasoning and Decision Making

______ reasoning concerns making and evaluating arguments from general information to specific information, while ______ reasoning concerns making and evaluating arguments from specific information to general information.

The dual-process framework details the idea that cognitive tasks can be performed using two separate and distinct processes.

"If my mother visits today, I am not going to cook dinner. She has just arrived. I am not going to cook dinner." This is an example of ______.

"All dogs are mammals. All mammals have hair. All dogs have hair." This is an example of ______.

Wason (1960, 1972) identified three general strategies that his participants used for hypothesis testing. What are they?

The ideal model of decision making involves listing all the options and rating each option according to the list of criteria. What should come next?

Explain why everyday decisions can be more difficult to reason about than the formal arguments presented in textbooks.

Sometimes it feels as though we use logic to reason, while at other times we use other methods, like making a split-second decision without any time to think. This best illustrates ______.

The availability bias is a bias in reasoning where examples easily brought to mind are relied on to ______.

Research suggests that several factors impact how likely we are to correctly follow the rules of logic. Which of the following are included?

The two factors that are important when we draw causal conclusions are ______.

______ is a process by which a conclusion follows necessarily from a series of premises.

Discuss the five stages of Galotti's (2002) model of general decision making. Discuss an example to illustrate all five stages.

Compare and contrast syllogistic and conditional reasoning. Give an example of each.

Imagine that you are taking your dog on a walk along a trail in the woods, and you see an unfamiliar animal. You immediately recognize that it is a bird due to its features, but it is one you have never seen before. Your ability to recognize it as a bird is due to ______.