Question 1

Superordinate concepts are usually ______, while subordinate concepts tend to be ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  Informative but not as distinctive; distinctive and informative 
B)  Distinctive but not as informative; informative but not as distinctive 
C)  Distinctive and informative; neither distinctive nor informative 
D)  Neither distinctive nor informative; distinctive and informative 
A)  Informative but not as distinctive; distinctive and informative 
B)  Distinctive but not as informative; informative but not as distinctive 
C)  Distinctive and informative; neither distinctive nor informative 
D)  Neither distinctive nor informative; distinctive and informative

Question 2

You take a temporary job as a house sitter. The homeowner tells you, "Part of your job will be to feed the animals." You want more specific information, so you ask, "What kind of animals?" To a psychologist, what kind of concept are you asking for?

Accepted Answer

A)  subordinate 
B)  superordinate 
C)  basic 
D)  neuronal 
A)  subordinate 
B)  superordinate 
C)  basic 
D)  neuronal

Question 3

Philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein argued against the definition approach by proposing a theory of ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  familiarity 
B)  family resemblance 
C)  similarity 
D)  categorical comparison 
A)  familiarity 
B)  family resemblance 
C)  similarity 
D)  categorical comparison

Question 4

Much of what we read or hear in news media reports has to do with the positive outcomes of stereotypes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Discuss the research regarding the way experts process information in their own area of expertise as opposed to areas outside of their expertise. Provide an example.

Accepted Answer

Student examples will vary. A sample ans

Question 6

"The three branches of government" is an example of a set of goal-derived concepts.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

You see a blue jay for the first time. Based on what you have read about the exemplar approach, which of the following is most likely to come to mind after you see the blue jay?

Accepted Answer

A)  cardinal 
B)  chicken 
C)  swan 
D)  ostrich 
A)  cardinal 
B)  chicken 
C)  swan 
D)  ostrich

Question 8

How does the ability to categorize help humans?

Accepted Answer

A)  Categories help us create helpful stereotypes to follow and add to. 
B)  If we know something belongs to a certain category, we do not need to remember the properties of that category for that item. 
C)  If we know something belongs to a certain category, we do not need to relearn the properties of that category for that item. 
D)  Categories help us create helpful prototypes to follow and add to. 
A)  Categories help us create helpful stereotypes to follow and add to. 
B)  If we know something belongs to a certain category, we do not need to remember the properties of that category for that item. 
C)  If we know something belongs to a certain category, we do not need to relearn the properties of that category for that item. 
D)  Categories help us create helpful prototypes to follow and add to.

Question 9

Your friend tells you that she just got a new golden retriever that is two years old. You assume that it has yellowish fur and is a fairly large dog. Your thoughts are an example of category ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  reduction 
B)  induction 
C)  specification 
D)  generation 
A)  reduction 
B)  induction 
C)  specification 
D)  generation

Question 10

The idea that concepts are represented based on a typical instance of that concept is known as the prototype approach.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Barsalou (1985) defined the "ideal" as ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  how often an item was considered a member of a category 
B)  a measure of family resemblance 
C)  how completely an item fulfilled a goal 
D)  the least likely item to come to mind when asked to recall an object 
A)  how often an item was considered a member of a category 
B)  a measure of family resemblance 
C)  how completely an item fulfilled a goal 
D)  the least likely item to come to mind when asked to recall an object

Question 12

The game "Family Feud," where the goal is to name the most common object, place, or person in a category, is likely based on ______ concepts.

Accepted Answer

A)  goal-derived 
B)  basic-level 
C)  super-level 
D)  sub-level 
A)  goal-derived 
B)  basic-level 
C)  super-level 
D)  sub-level

Question 13

Which type of organizational approach was proposed by Collins and Quillian and includes "has," "is," and "can" links?

Accepted Answer

A)  general hierarchical 
B)  stored network 
C)  feature comparisons 
D)  neuroscience based 
A)  general hierarchical 
B)  stored network 
C)  feature comparisons 
D)  neuroscience based

Question 14

How does Barsalou's perceptual symbols theory differ from the other theories of how we represent perceptual knowledge?

Accepted Answer

A)  Barsalou's theory is based on neural networks and mathematical patterns. 
B)  Ancient philosophers championed this theory, but then it fell out of favor until Barsalou rediscovered and revised it. 
C)  The perceptual symbols theory is the most widely investigated and accepted theory. 
D)  Barsalou's theory includes actions and sensory details. 
A)  Barsalou's theory is based on neural networks and mathematical patterns. 
B)  Ancient philosophers championed this theory, but then it fell out of favor until Barsalou rediscovered and revised it. 
C)  The perceptual symbols theory is the most widely investigated and accepted theory. 
D)  Barsalou's theory includes actions and sensory details.

Question 15

In your own words, explain why the classical approach of concepts as definitions has fallen out of favor.

Accepted Answer

The classical approach of concepts as de

Question 16

Why do you think parents tend to use basic-level concepts when speaking to their children?

Accepted Answer

A)  These concepts are easier to differentiate because they do not usually share common shapes and movements. 
B)  They know that children are not cognitively developed enough to learn more specific categories. 
C)  These concepts are specific enough to be useful but general enough to avoid confusion. 
D)  People tend to use basic-level concepts when speaking to those they feel emotionally close to. 
A)  These concepts are easier to differentiate because they do not usually share common shapes and movements. 
B)  They know that children are not cognitively developed enough to learn more specific categories. 
C)  These concepts are specific enough to be useful but general enough to avoid confusion. 
D)  People tend to use basic-level concepts when speaking to those they feel emotionally close to.

Question 17

The feature comparison approach argues that people use their ______ abilities rather than a ______ to compare two concepts.

Accepted Answer

A)  reasoning; knowledge network 
B)  classification; hierarchy 
C)  categorization; series of steps 
D)  emotional; mental template 
A)  reasoning; knowledge network 
B)  classification; hierarchy 
C)  categorization; series of steps 
D)  emotional; mental template

Question 18

A result in which more common members of a category show a processing advantage is known as the ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  typicality effect 
B)  family resemblance view 
C)  similarity effect 
D)  prototype approach 
A)  typicality effect 
B)  family resemblance view 
C)  similarity effect 
D)  prototype approach

Question 19

The prototype of a category is a(n) ______ of the important features of its members.

Accepted Answer

A)  discussion 
B)  detailed list 
C)  weighted average 
D)  exemplar 
A)  discussion 
B)  detailed list 
C)  weighted average 
D)  exemplar

Question 20

Based on what you have read, which of these is an accurate statement about how people organize concepts?

Accepted Answer

A)  Humans rarely group concepts into similar categories unless society explicitly teaches this behavior. 
B)  Concepts are isolated representations floating around in unstructured semantic memory spaces. 
C)  People who are from different cultures and speak different languages tend to organize concepts into similar categories. 
D)  Individual conceptual categories usually vary widely depending on an individual's emotional state. 
A)  Humans rarely group concepts into similar categories unless society explicitly teaches this behavior. 
B)  Concepts are isolated representations floating around in unstructured semantic memory spaces. 
C)  People who are from different cultures and speak different languages tend to organize concepts into similar categories. 
D)  Individual conceptual categories usually vary widely depending on an individual's emotional state.

Superordinate concepts are usually , while subordinate concepts tend to be .

You take a temporary job as a house sitter. The homeowner tells you, "Part of your job will be to feed the animals." You want more specific information, so you ask, "What kind of animals?" To a psychologist, what kind of concept are you asking for?

Philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein argued against the definition approach by proposing a theory of ______.

Much of what we read or hear in news media reports has to do with the positive outcomes of stereotypes.

Discuss the research regarding the way experts process information in their own area of expertise as opposed to areas outside of their expertise. Provide an example.

"The three branches of government" is an example of a set of goal-derived concepts.

You see a blue jay for the first time. Based on what you have read about the exemplar approach, which of the following is most likely to come to mind after you see the blue jay?

How does the ability to categorize help humans?

Your friend tells you that she just got a new golden retriever that is two years old. You assume that it has yellowish fur and is a fairly large dog. Your thoughts are an example of category ______.

The idea that concepts are represented based on a typical instance of that concept is known as the prototype approach.

Barsalou (1985) defined the "ideal" as ______.

The game "Family Feud," where the goal is to name the most common object, place, or person in a category, is likely based on ______ concepts.

Which type of organizational approach was proposed by Collins and Quillian and includes "has," "is," and "can" links?

How does Barsalou's perceptual symbols theory differ from the other theories of how we represent perceptual knowledge?

In your own words, explain why the classical approach of concepts as definitions has fallen out of favor.

Why do you think parents tend to use basic-level concepts when speaking to their children?

The feature comparison approach argues that people use their abilities rather than a to compare two concepts.

A result in which more common members of a category show a processing advantage is known as the ______.

The prototype of a category is a(n) ______ of the important features of its members.

Based on what you have read, which of these is an accurate statement about how people organize concepts?

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Cognitive Neuroscience

Perception

Attention

Memory Structures and Processes

Long-Term Memory: Influences on Retrieval

Memory Errors

Imagery

Language

Problem Solving

Reasoning and Decision Making

Filters

Exam 10: Concepts and Knowledge

Superordinate concepts are usually ______, while subordinate concepts tend to be ______.

You take a temporary job as a house sitter. The homeowner tells you, "Part of your job will be to feed the animals." You want more specific information, so you ask, "What kind of animals?" To a psychologist, what kind of concept are you asking for?

Philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein argued against the definition approach by proposing a theory of ______.

Much of what we read or hear in news media reports has to do with the positive outcomes of stereotypes.

Discuss the research regarding the way experts process information in their own area of expertise as opposed to areas outside of their expertise. Provide an example.

"The three branches of government" is an example of a set of goal-derived concepts.

You see a blue jay for the first time. Based on what you have read about the exemplar approach, which of the following is most likely to come to mind after you see the blue jay?

How does the ability to categorize help humans?

Your friend tells you that she just got a new golden retriever that is two years old. You assume that it has yellowish fur and is a fairly large dog. Your thoughts are an example of category ______.

The idea that concepts are represented based on a typical instance of that concept is known as the prototype approach.

Barsalou (1985) defined the "ideal" as ______.

The game "Family Feud," where the goal is to name the most common object, place, or person in a category, is likely based on ______ concepts.

Which type of organizational approach was proposed by Collins and Quillian and includes "has," "is," and "can" links?

How does Barsalou's perceptual symbols theory differ from the other theories of how we represent perceptual knowledge?

In your own words, explain why the classical approach of concepts as definitions has fallen out of favor.

Why do you think parents tend to use basic-level concepts when speaking to their children?

The feature comparison approach argues that people use their ______ abilities rather than a ______ to compare two concepts.

A result in which more common members of a category show a processing advantage is known as the ______.

The prototype of a category is a(n) ______ of the important features of its members.

Based on what you have read, which of these is an accurate statement about how people organize concepts?

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Cognitive Neuroscience

Perception

Attention

Memory Structures and Processes

Long-Term Memory: Influences on Retrieval

Memory Errors

Imagery

Language

Problem Solving

Reasoning and Decision Making

Filters

Superordinate concepts are usually , while subordinate concepts tend to be .

The feature comparison approach argues that people use their abilities rather than a to compare two concepts.