Question 1

Categories higher in a conceptual hierarchy are ______ to lower levels, while categories lower are ______ to higher levels.

Accepted Answer

A)  auxiliary; peripheral 
B)  subordinate; superordinate 
C)  superordinate; subordinate 
D)  peripheral; auxiliary 
A)  auxiliary; peripheral 
B)  subordinate; superordinate 
C)  superordinate; subordinate 
D)  peripheral; auxiliary

Question 2

Which type of organizational approach involves case studies of research subjects who have age-related reasoning deficits?

Accepted Answer

A)  stored network 
B)  basic level 
C)  neuroscience-inspired 
D)  feature comparisons 
A)  stored network 
B)  basic level 
C)  neuroscience-inspired 
D)  feature comparisons

Question 3

Your aunt introduces you to the small dog she just adopted. In your experience, small dogs usually bark loudly and insistently, so you believe this dog will too. What would a psychologist call this reasoning?

Accepted Answer

A)  theoretical conceptualizing 
B)  experiential structuring 
C)  beyond categorization 
D)  category induction 
A)  theoretical conceptualizing 
B)  experiential structuring 
C)  beyond categorization 
D)  category induction

Question 4

A person's memory of his or her childhood dog fueling that person's feelings for all future dogs is an example of the exemplar approach.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Your psychology professor asks you and your classmates to write down the necessary and sufficient features of a pet. Based on what you have read in this chapter, what would you expect to find when you read your classmates' definitions?

Accepted Answer

A)  nearly precise agreement because everyone in the class has the same idea of a simple concept like "pet" 
B)  general agreement, but not as precise an agreement as you would see if the professor asked the class to categorize a series of photographs of pets and non-pets 
C)  more precise agreement than you would see if the professor asked the class to categorize a series of photos of pets and non-pets 
D)  about the same level of agreement that you would see if the professor asked the class to categorize a series of photographs of pets and non-pets 
A)  nearly precise agreement because everyone in the class has the same idea of a simple concept like "pet" 
B)  general agreement, but not as precise an agreement as you would see if the professor asked the class to categorize a series of photographs of pets and non-pets 
C)  more precise agreement than you would see if the professor asked the class to categorize a series of photos of pets and non-pets 
D)  about the same level of agreement that you would see if the professor asked the class to categorize a series of photographs of pets and non-pets

Question 6

Which of these is an example of a goal-derived concept?

Accepted Answer

A)  healthful foods 
B)  types of beans 
C)  research subjects who are older than age 25 
D)  birds of North America 
A)  healthful foods 
B)  types of beans 
C)  research subjects who are older than age 25 
D)  birds of North America

Question 7

Which of these is a reasonable criticism of the research you read about in this chapter?

Accepted Answer

A)  The concepts that researchers have studied have been too complex to reflect how most people categorize most of the time. 
B)  Researchers have concentrated almost exclusively on the part of the brain that processes and stores concepts. 
C)  Studying individuals who have reasoning deficits does not help us understand cognitive function in neurotypical people. 
D)  The concepts that researchers have studied have been fairly simple and therefore not reflective of real-world conceptual categorization. 
A)  The concepts that researchers have studied have been too complex to reflect how most people categorize most of the time. 
B)  Researchers have concentrated almost exclusively on the part of the brain that processes and stores concepts. 
C)  Studying individuals who have reasoning deficits does not help us understand cognitive function in neurotypical people. 
D)  The concepts that researchers have studied have been fairly simple and therefore not reflective of real-world conceptual categorization.

Question 8

Which of these is TRUE of the definition approach to concepts?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is unnecessarily complicated and difficult to understand. 
B)  It works poorly for many "real-life" situations (as opposed to pure mathematics). 
C)  Its necessary and sufficient features are self-evident. 
D)  It has been the preferred approach to concepts for the last 50 years. 
A)  It is unnecessarily complicated and difficult to understand. 
B)  It works poorly for many "real-life" situations (as opposed to pure mathematics). 
C)  Its necessary and sufficient features are self-evident. 
D)  It has been the preferred approach to concepts for the last 50 years.

Question 9

The unique aspect of Barsalou's work was to study things that are grouped together by their ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  central tendency 
B)  frequency of instantiation 
C)  satisfaction of goal qualifications 
D)  granular distinctiveness 
A)  central tendency 
B)  frequency of instantiation 
C)  satisfaction of goal qualifications 
D)  granular distinctiveness

Question 10

"If desserts are a type of food, and pavlova is a type of dessert, then pavlova must be a type of food with all the properties of food." This is an example of what type of relationship?

Accepted Answer

A)  transitive 
B)  reductionist 
C)  neural network 
D)  simplified 
A)  transitive 
B)  reductionist 
C)  neural network 
D)  simplified

Question 11

Distinguish between the prototype and exemplar approaches to concepts. Define and give an example of each.

Accepted Answer

Student examples will vary. A sample ans

Question 12

The idea that concept information is stored at the most efficient level of the hierarchy is known as a ______ economy.

Accepted Answer

A)  super-specialized 
B)  verification 
C)  resourceful 
D)  cognitive 
A)  super-specialized 
B)  verification 
C)  resourceful 
D)  cognitive

Question 13

The typicality effect is among the most common empirical findings in cognitive psychology.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Since most of us know that stereotypes can be extremely harmful, why do our brains keep producing them? Explain and provide an example.

Accepted Answer

Student examples will vary. A sample ans

Question 15

In psychology, "family resemblance" means that people, objects, or concepts in a category ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  share overlapping sets of features 
B)  share a single set of defining features 
C)  may seem identical but differ in important ways 
D)  may seem identical but differ in subtle ways 
A)  share overlapping sets of features 
B)  share a single set of defining features 
C)  may seem identical but differ in important ways 
D)  may seem identical but differ in subtle ways

Categories higher in a conceptual hierarchy are to lower levels, while categories lower are to higher levels.

Which type of organizational approach involves case studies of research subjects who have age-related reasoning deficits?

Your aunt introduces you to the small dog she just adopted. In your experience, small dogs usually bark loudly and insistently, so you believe this dog will too. What would a psychologist call this reasoning?

A person's memory of his or her childhood dog fueling that person's feelings for all future dogs is an example of the exemplar approach.

Your psychology professor asks you and your classmates to write down the necessary and sufficient features of a pet. Based on what you have read in this chapter, what would you expect to find when you read your classmates' definitions?

Which of these is an example of a goal-derived concept?

Which of these is a reasonable criticism of the research you read about in this chapter?

Which of these is TRUE of the definition approach to concepts?

The unique aspect of Barsalou's work was to study things that are grouped together by their ______.

"If desserts are a type of food, and pavlova is a type of dessert, then pavlova must be a type of food with all the properties of food." This is an example of what type of relationship?

Distinguish between the prototype and exemplar approaches to concepts. Define and give an example of each.

The idea that concept information is stored at the most efficient level of the hierarchy is known as a ______ economy.

The typicality effect is among the most common empirical findings in cognitive psychology.

Since most of us know that stereotypes can be extremely harmful, why do our brains keep producing them? Explain and provide an example.

In psychology, "family resemblance" means that people, objects, or concepts in a category ______.

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Cognitive Neuroscience

Perception

Attention

Memory Structures and Processes

Long-Term Memory: Influences on Retrieval

Memory Errors

Imagery

Language

Problem Solving

Reasoning and Decision Making

Filters

Exam 10: Concepts and Knowledge

Categories higher in a conceptual hierarchy are ______ to lower levels, while categories lower are ______ to higher levels.

Which type of organizational approach involves case studies of research subjects who have age-related reasoning deficits?

Your aunt introduces you to the small dog she just adopted. In your experience, small dogs usually bark loudly and insistently, so you believe this dog will too. What would a psychologist call this reasoning?

A person's memory of his or her childhood dog fueling that person's feelings for all future dogs is an example of the exemplar approach.

Your psychology professor asks you and your classmates to write down the necessary and sufficient features of a pet. Based on what you have read in this chapter, what would you expect to find when you read your classmates' definitions?

Which of these is an example of a goal-derived concept?

Which of these is a reasonable criticism of the research you read about in this chapter?

Which of these is TRUE of the definition approach to concepts?

The unique aspect of Barsalou's work was to study things that are grouped together by their ______.

"If desserts are a type of food, and pavlova is a type of dessert, then pavlova must be a type of food with all the properties of food." This is an example of what type of relationship?

Distinguish between the prototype and exemplar approaches to concepts. Define and give an example of each.

The idea that concept information is stored at the most efficient level of the hierarchy is known as a ______ economy.

The typicality effect is among the most common empirical findings in cognitive psychology.

Since most of us know that stereotypes can be extremely harmful, why do our brains keep producing them? Explain and provide an example.

In psychology, "family resemblance" means that people, objects, or concepts in a category ______.

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Cognitive Neuroscience

Perception

Attention

Memory Structures and Processes

Long-Term Memory: Influences on Retrieval

Memory Errors

Imagery

Language

Problem Solving

Reasoning and Decision Making

Filters

Categories higher in a conceptual hierarchy are to lower levels, while categories lower are to higher levels.