Exam 14: More About Quasi-Experiments

The best way to minimize the effects of maturation is to include a ______ group that does not receive the treatment to allow a comparison of groups that have similar experiences except for the treatment.

Limitations of time series designs exist due to possible extraneous factors that may affect a score pattern change other than the treatment or event of interest.

Quasi-experiments involve comparing groups of non-randomly assigned subjects.

______ can occur when participants score higher or lower than their personal average--the next time they are tested, they are more likely to score near their personal average, making scores unreliable.

A ______ is a type of research design where behavior is measured both before and after a treatment or condition is implemented.

Time series designs are pretest-posttest designs that ______.

Random assignment of participants is less likely in time-series designs with a researcher-implemented treatment than an independent event examined in an interrupted time series design.

The Solomon four-group design allows a researcher to measure ______.

A time series design where the "treatment" is an independent event, such as a historical event is called a(n) ______.

Discuss the quasi-experiment design of Benenson and Koulnazarian (2008) study to investigate at what age gender differences appear in help-seeking behaviors.

The Benenson et al. (2009, Study 1) study examined gender as a subject variable because ______.

Pretest-posttest designs are quasi-experiments when they do not contain a ______.

Many applied studies that examine realistic behaviors make use of quasi-experiments because random assignment would be difficult or impossible or unethical.

When participants are selected because they have or have not experienced something unique in the real world (e.g., they have lived in a homeless shelter/not lived in a shelter), researchers call this type of independent variable a(n) ______.

Quasi-experiments are not experiments because they lack ______.

A high score achieved at posttest may be an extreme score in some cases, and with additional testing, these students may score closer to their original mean, this is known as ______.

When researchers are studying differences between soldiers who have been to Iraq and those who have not, the researchers are studying the effects of ______.

In a(n) ______ design, the researcher considers the difference between the pretest and posttest scores across the control and experimental groups.

The difference between an interrupted time series design and an equivalent time series design is that the interrupted time series design includes a ______ event, while a noninterrupted time series design includes a ______ treatment.

Effects of history are ______ to occur in pretest-posttest designs.