Exam 12: More About One-Factor Experiments

The presence of individual differences across groups is the greatest concern for within-subjects experiments.

Without the manipulation of a(n) ______ variable, it is very difficult to rule out other possible factors as causes of a change in the ______ variable.

An extraneous factor is also called a(n) ______.

In a research design where participants are randomly assigned to either an all-male confederate group, or a mixed gender confederate group, the study is experimental.

Order effects are particularly problematic for ______ designs, but group differences are a problematic in ______ designs.

One benefit of within-subject designs is that they control for ______.

To attempt to equate the groups, participants are assigned to the different experimental treatment groups, they aren't allowed to choose the group they prefer. This is an example of ______ to control confounds.

Participants receive all levels of a(n) ______ variable, but only one level of a(n) ______ variable in an experimental design.

Researchers may (have)used twins to create a matched set of participants based on genetics.

At minimum, the number of independent variables that must be included in a study in order for it to be classified as an experiment is ______.

In the ______ design, subjects' scores in one condition are compared with their scores in the other condition.

______ effects occur when participants are tested more than once in a study, with early testing affecting later testing.

In a Latin Square, the number of orders used is equal to the number of ______ in the design.

Random assignment is important for ______ variables in terms of the order in which participants receive the levels of the variable to control for possible order effects of the different levels of the variable.

In the ______ design, each subject serves as their own comparison.

Counterbalancing is relatively easy when there are only two conditions that participants will experience in an experiment.

An advantage of within-subjects manipulations is that each participant serves as his or her own comparison.

When different groups of participants receive different orders of the levels of the independent variable, this is called ______.

Random assignment of participants to levels allows random distribution of participant differences across the levels.

An experiment conducted with one or a few participants to better understand the behavior of those individuals is called a small ______ design.