Exam 5: Variables and Measurement in Research

When different observers of behavior record the behavior in a similar way, the measure is said to have good ______.

The Beck Anxiety Inventory questionnaire would have lower validity if used to collect data about anxiety on young children under the age of 4.

Temperature measured in Fahrenheit or Celsius is an example of a(n) ______ measurement scale.

Independent variables can be manipulated according to all but ______.

A variable that affects the results of the study but is not a variable of interest in the study, is called a(n) ______ variable.

An independent variable that includes two levels is called a(n) ______ variable.

Presence/absence of variables typically includes ______.

Having different participants in a study experience conditions in different orders is ______.

Comparing scores on a depression questionnaire using different types of drugs or therapies is type variable of the dependent variable.

Suppose that a participant completes a task in a research study faster than he or she would have completed the task outside the study (i.e., in their natural surroundings). This would be an example of ______.

The simplest scale of measurement is the ordinal scale.

If I set my alarm to read 8:10 when it is really 8:00 (i.e., it is 10 minutes fast) and the alarm goes off each day when it reads 8:10, it will be ______ but not ______.

Explain how the concepts of validity and reliability differ.

An experiment conducted in the participants' natural environment is a(n) ______ experiment.

Nominal scales are considered ______ data.

______ is a source of bias that can occur in a study due to participants changing their behavior based on their perception of the study and its purpose.

People in a grocery store are asked to sample three types of energy drinks and then indicate which one they liked best and which they liked least (i.e., they rank ordered the drinks). The dependent variable in this study is measured on a(n) ______ scale.

Confounding variables primarily threaten the ______ of a study.

In a ______, both the participants and the researchers who interact with the participants do not know which participants are assigned to the different groups.

External validity can be reduced by ______ reducing representativeness of the study.