Exam 11: More About Correlational Studies

Correlational studies are not well-suited for answering ______ research questions.

A researcher would like to study the effects of smoking on respiratory functioning. There are two groups: participants who smoke one pack a day and participants who smoke two. This is a ______ study

A research question that asks if one behavior can be predicted from another behavior to allow predictions of future behavior is a ______ research question.

A causal relationship can be tested using ______.

In ______ studies, researchers examine two or more measures to determine if those measures are related.

Groups of subjects are not compared in a correlational study as they are in ______ experiments.

In correlational research multiple measures are collected from ______ group(s) of subjects to determine if those measures co-vary.

The ______ analyses allow predictions.

The strong ______ correlations between age and incidence of Alzheimer's disease found in many studies seem to indicate a 50% likelihood of getting Alzheimer's disease by age 85.

Researchers typically must rely on correlational studies to learn about factors that influence one's ______.

In a correlational study, the variable that is predicted by the predictor variable is called the ______ variable.

Pearson r test is used to determine whether a linear relationship exists between two variables measured on an ordinal scale.

Correlational studies provide information that allows researchers to determine which variables should be considered when they design tests of ______ relationships.

If two factors simply co-occur, this indicates a causal relationship.

Suppose that a researcher found that as introversion (as measured on a standardized questionnaire) of participants goes up, the number of social activities attended per week goes down. This finding represents ______.

Most survey research involves a correlational study.

A relationship between variables characterized by an increase in one variable that occurs with a decrease in the other variable is called a ______.

Correlational studies provide information that allows researchers to determine which variables should be considered when they design tests of causal relationships.

Explain what a third-variable problem is and give an example.

The direction of the cause and effect relationship cannot be determined from a correlational study because none of the variables are manipulated in the study.