Question 1

Research by James Byers on the relationship between a native and an invasive species of mud snail

Accepted Answer

A)  demonstrated that the invasive species Batillaria grows faster than the native species Cerithidea. 
B)  demonstrated that at high densities Batillaria continued to grow at a relatively high rate while Cerithidea lost weight. 
C)  indicated that Batillaria is much more efficient at converting available food into its own biomass. 
D)  predicts a time to competitive exclusion of Cerithidea by Batillaria of 55 to 70 years. 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  demonstrated that the invasive species Batillaria grows faster than the native species Cerithidea. 
B)  demonstrated that at high densities Batillaria continued to grow at a relatively high rate while Cerithidea lost weight. 
C)  indicated that Batillaria is much more efficient at converting available food into its own biomass. 
D)  predicts a time to competitive exclusion of Cerithidea by Batillaria of 55 to 70 years. 
E)  All of the choices are correct. E

Question 2

In the Lotka-Volterra competition equations, the parameter α12 relates to the

Accepted Answer

A)  population growth rate. 
B)  carrying capacity in the absence of competition. 
C)  carrying capacity in the presence of competition. 
D)  effect OF species 2 ON population growth rate OF species 1. 
E)  effect OF species 1 ON population growth rate OF species 2. 
A)  population growth rate. 
B)  carrying capacity in the absence of competition. 
C)  carrying capacity in the presence of competition. 
D)  effect OF species 2 ON population growth rate OF species 1. 
E)  effect OF species 1 ON population growth rate OF species 2. D

Question 3

Gause's "competitive exclusion principle" states that

Accepted Answer

A)  when two species occur together, competition is always prevented by some behavioral adjustment. 
B)  no two species can coexist indefinitely. 
C)  no two competing species can coexist indefinitely. 
D)  no two species with identical niches can coexist indefinitely. 
E)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  when two species occur together, competition is always prevented by some behavioral adjustment. 
B)  no two species can coexist indefinitely. 
C)  no two competing species can coexist indefinitely. 
D)  no two species with identical niches can coexist indefinitely. 
E)  None of the choices are correct. D

Question 4

Pachypsylla cohabitans, a psyllid (jumping plant lice), feeds next to other gall-forming psyllids in order to be enveloped in the gall. This doesn't harm the gall-forming insect. This relationship is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  mutualism. 
B)  amensalism. 
C)  parasitism. 
D)  commensalism. 
A)  mutualism. 
B)  amensalism. 
C)  parasitism. 
D)  commensalism.

Question 5

Experiments with terrestrial isopods demonstrate that competition can occur only when food resources are limiting.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Self-thinning in a stand of trees

Accepted Answer

A)  increases biomass per individual. 
B)  decreases stand density. 
C)  results in death of less competitive individuals. 
D)  is a result of intraspecific competition. 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  increases biomass per individual. 
B)  decreases stand density. 
C)  results in death of less competitive individuals. 
D)  is a result of intraspecific competition. 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 7

Geospiza fortis, medium ground finch, and Geospiza fulginosa, small ground finch, have similar beak sizes when they do not live together. However, when they live together the beaks sizes are different. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  character displacement 
B)  mutualism 
C)  commensalism 
D)  intraspecific competition 
A)  character displacement 
B)  mutualism 
C)  commensalism 
D)  intraspecific competition

Question 8

Rodents that feed primarily on seeds are called ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Rodents that feed primarily on seeds are...

Question 9

An invasive species, Batallaria attramentaria, has been shown to grow faster than native species and both small and medium snail densities.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Damselfish will fight over newly available territory. This is a direct interaction between individuals and is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  interference competition. 
B)  mutualism. 
C)  commensalism. 
D)  predation. 
A)  interference competition. 
B)  mutualism. 
C)  commensalism. 
D)  predation.

Question 11

In Thomas Park's experiments with Tribolium beetles, which of the following was true?

Accepted Answer

A)  T. confusum and T. castaneum had identical niches. 
B)  T. confusum and T. castaneum always coexisted when cultured together. 
C)  T. confusum and T. castaneum never coexisted when cultured together. 
D)  T. confusum and T. castaneum could coexist under some environmental conditions, but not all. 
E)  T. confusum and T. castaneum proved to be unsuitable species for laboratory experimentation. 
A)  T. confusum and T. castaneum had identical niches. 
B)  T. confusum and T. castaneum always coexisted when cultured together. 
C)  T. confusum and T. castaneum never coexisted when cultured together. 
D)  T. confusum and T. castaneum could coexist under some environmental conditions, but not all. 
E)  T. confusum and T. castaneum proved to be unsuitable species for laboratory experimentation.

Question 12

When the average mass of individual plants in a stand is plotted against stand density (log-transformed), the slope of the relationship is very often around

Accepted Answer

A)  -1/2. 
B)  -1. 
C)  -3/2. 
D)  +1/2. 
E)  +3/2. 
A)  -1/2. 
B)  -1. 
C)  -3/2. 
D)  +1/2. 
E)  +3/2.

Question 13

Within a species, all individuals have identical niches.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Evolution of distinct niches in the presence of competition is called ________.

Accepted Answer

character

Question 15

Gause's laboratory experiments with Paramecium species provided evidence for

Accepted Answer

A)  character displacement. 
B)  the niche. 
C)  self-thinning rule. 
D)  competitive exclusion principle. 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  character displacement. 
B)  the niche. 
C)  self-thinning rule. 
D)  competitive exclusion principle. 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 16

Competition between members of a single species is called

Accepted Answer

A)  cohort specific competition. 
B)  species specific competition. 
C)  interspecific competition. 
D)  intraspecific competition. 
E)  interference competition. 
A)  cohort specific competition. 
B)  species specific competition. 
C)  interspecific competition. 
D)  intraspecific competition. 
E)  interference competition.

Question 17

Intraspecific competition among planthoppers

Accepted Answer

A)  results in reduced survivorship. 
B)  results in increased development time. 
C)  occurs via resources rather than interference. 
D)  occurs because plants exploited by planthoppers have less protein and less moisture. 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  results in reduced survivorship. 
B)  results in increased development time. 
C)  occurs via resources rather than interference. 
D)  occurs because plants exploited by planthoppers have less protein and less moisture. 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 18

Amensalism is rare in nature because

Accepted Answer

A)  interactions between species typically benefit both species. 
B)  most species have a neutral affect on each other. 
C)  no affect on one species cancels out any negative affect to the other. 
D)  there is usually an energetic cost to interactions between two species. 
A)  interactions between species typically benefit both species. 
B)  most species have a neutral affect on each other. 
C)  no affect on one species cancels out any negative affect to the other. 
D)  there is usually an energetic cost to interactions between two species.

Question 19

In mature white pine forests of New Hampshire

Accepted Answer

A)  belowground interspecific competition suppresses the growth of herbaceous plants and hemlocks. 
B)  belowground interspecific competition suppresses the growth of white pine seedlings. 
C)  aboveground intraspecific competition suppresses the growth of white pine seedlings. 
D)  aboveground interspecific competition suppresses the growth of herbaceous plants and hemlocks. 
E)  belowground intraspecific competition suppresses the growth of herbaceous plants and hemlocks. 
A)  belowground interspecific competition suppresses the growth of herbaceous plants and hemlocks. 
B)  belowground interspecific competition suppresses the growth of white pine seedlings. 
C)  aboveground intraspecific competition suppresses the growth of white pine seedlings. 
D)  aboveground interspecific competition suppresses the growth of herbaceous plants and hemlocks. 
E)  belowground intraspecific competition suppresses the growth of herbaceous plants and hemlocks.

Question 20

In plants, "self-thinning" refers to reduction in

Accepted Answer

A)  the biomass of an individual in response to competition. 
B)  the total biomass of a population in response to competition. 
C)  both population density and population biomass in response to competition. 
D)  population density in response to competition, as population biomass increases. 
E)  population density due to grazing by herbivores. 
A)  the biomass of an individual in response to competition. 
B)  the total biomass of a population in response to competition. 
C)  both population density and population biomass in response to competition. 
D)  population density in response to competition, as population biomass increases. 
E)  population density due to grazing by herbivores.

Exam 13: Competition

Research by James Byers on the relationship between a native and an invasive species of mud snail

In the Lotka-Volterra competition equations, the parameter α12 relates to the

Gause's "competitive exclusion principle" states that

Pachypsylla cohabitans, a psyllid (jumping plant lice), feeds next to other gall-forming psyllids in order to be enveloped in the gall. This doesn't harm the gall-forming insect. This relationship is an example of

Experiments with terrestrial isopods demonstrate that competition can occur only when food resources are limiting.

Self-thinning in a stand of trees

Geospiza fortis, medium ground finch, and Geospiza fulginosa, small ground finch, have similar beak sizes when they do not live together. However, when they live together the beaks sizes are different. This is an example of

Rodents that feed primarily on seeds are called ________.

An invasive species, Batallaria attramentaria, has been shown to grow faster than native species and both small and medium snail densities.

Damselfish will fight over newly available territory. This is a direct interaction between individuals and is an example of

In Thomas Park's experiments with Tribolium beetles, which of the following was true?

When the average mass of individual plants in a stand is plotted against stand density (log-transformed), the slope of the relationship is very often around

Within a species, all individuals have identical niches.

Evolution of distinct niches in the presence of competition is called ________.

Gause's laboratory experiments with Paramecium species provided evidence for

Competition between members of a single species is called

Intraspecific competition among planthoppers

Amensalism is rare in nature because

In mature white pine forests of New Hampshire

In plants, "self-thinning" refers to reduction in

Introduction to Ecology: Historical Foundations and Developing Frontiers

Life on Land

Life in Water

Population Genetics and Natural Selection

Temperature Relations

Water Relations

Energy and Nutrient Relations

Social Relations

Population Distribution and Abundance

Population Dynamics

Population Growth

Life Histories

Exploitative Interactions: Predation, Herbivory, Parasitism, and Disease

Mutualism

Species Abundance and Diversity

Species Interactions and Community Structure

Primary Production and Energy Flow

Nutrient Cycling and Retention

Succession and Stability

Landscape Ecology

Geographic Ecology

Global Ecology

Filters

In the Lotka-Volterra competition equations, the parameter α₁₂ relates to the